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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0325

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

天然腐殖质材料型土壤改良剂在新垦耕地改良中的应用与效果分析

李健鹏1(), 张丛志2, 潘慧1(), 马学伟1, 赵占辉3   

  1. 1 中向旭曜科技有限公司，北京 100020
    2 中国科学院南京土壤研究所，南京 210008
    3 河南城建学院，河南平顶山 467003
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-10 修回日期:2024-07-29 出版日期:2025-01-13 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者:
    潘慧，男，1984年出生，内蒙古乌兰察布人，硕士，研究方向：腐殖酸新型肥料、土壤改良相关研究。通信地址：100022 北京市朝阳区建国门外大街24号东海中心22层 中向旭曜科技有限公司，Tel：010-65150375，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李健鹏，男，1987年出生，山西太原人，中级农艺师，硕士，主要研究方向：土壤改良相关研究。通信地址：100022 北京市朝阳区建国门外大街24号东海中心22层，Tel：010-65150374，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“基于天然绿色腐殖质木本泥炭材料的肥沃耕层工程化快速构建与保育技术”(XDA28090208); “盐碱地适生耕层构建与长效保持原理及技术”(XDA0440103); 国家重点研发计划项目“大兴安岭沿麓黑土地固土保肥与产能提升关键技术和示范”(2022YFD1500903); “松嫩平原西部苏打碱地障碍消减与适生盐碱作物栽培技术和示范”(2022YFD1500502)

Application and Effect Analysis of Natural Humus Materials Soil Amendments in Improvement of Newly Cultivated Land

LI Jianpeng1(), ZHANG Congzhi2, PAN Hui1(), MA Xuewei1, ZHAO Zhanhui3   

  1. 1 View Sion Orise Co. Ltd., Beijing 100020
    2 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
    3 Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467003
  • Received:2024-05-10 Revised:2024-07-29 Published:2025-01-13 Online:2025-01-13

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摘要：

复垦耕地作为中国土地整治工程中实现“占优补优”的重要途径，由于缺乏肥沃耕作层，极大地限制了农业生产力，天然腐殖质材料具有快速提升土壤有机质的潜力，研究其在新垦耕地中的改良效果具有现实意义。本研究以吉林省通榆县85.81 hm2新垦耕地为对象，通过一次性向0~20 cm耕层中添加天然腐殖质材料(30 t/hm2)、辅料Ⅰ (13.5 t/hm2)、辅料Ⅱ (1.5 t/hm2)改良耕作层土壤，在研究区内采样调查并分析改良前后土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量等土壤性质。结果表明：天然腐殖质材料型土壤改良剂能够快速提升土壤有机质含量（平均增幅5.17 g/kg）并降低土壤电导率值（平均降幅89.51 μS/cm），对土壤氮、钾元素含量具有一定的提升作用，但磷素呈现降低趋势。天然腐殖质材料型土壤改良剂能够在短期内快速提升土壤碳氮含量，且能够缓解土壤盐碱障碍，但存在氮磷钾养分不平衡性的问题，仍需通过配方施肥等措施调节土壤氮磷钾养分。

关键词: 土壤改良剂, 有机质, 复垦耕地, 耕作层, 天然腐殖质

Abstract:

Reclaiming arable land is an important way to achieve the principle of “cultivated land dynamic balance system” in land consolidation projects of China. However, due to the lack of fertile farming layers, agricultural productivity is greatly limited. Natural humus materials have the potential to rapidly improve soil organic matter, so it is of practical significance to study the improvement effect of the natural humus materials in the newly cultivated land. In this study, 5.81 hm2 of newly cultivated land in Tongyu County of Jilin Province was selected as the study area. Cultivation layer soil improvement was achieved by adding natural humus materials (30 t/hm2), excipients I (13.5 t/hm2), excipients II (1.5 t/hm2) to the 0-20 cm cultivated layer at one time. The properties of soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents before and after the improvement were investigated by sampling in the study area. The results showed that the soil amendments of natural humus material could rapidly increase soil organic matter contents (average increase of 5.17 g/kg) and decrease soil conductivity values (average decrease of 89.51 μS/cm), and also had a certain enhancing effect on soil nitrogen and potassium contents. But soil phosphorus contents showed a decreasing trend after the implementation of improvement practices. Soil amendments based on natural humus materials could rapidly increase soil carbon and nitrogen contents in a short period of time and alleviate soil saline-alkali barrier. However, the problem of imbalanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in soil has not been resolved, and measures such as formula fertilization are still needed to regulate soil nutrient content.

Key words: soil amendments, organic matter, reclaimed farmland, ploughing layer, natural humus material