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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0321

所属专题： 生物技术； 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

枝条有机肥最佳堆肥参数及施用效果研究

李祥1(), 王永平1, 王耀凤2, 褚春年3, 孙喜军3, 柯希恒1, 曾桥1   

  1. 1陕西科技大学化学与化工学院,中国轻工业轻化工助剂重点试验室,西安 710021
    2西安市农机监理与推广总站,西安 710061
    3西安市农业技术推广中心,西安 710061
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-26 修回日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-03-16
  • 作者简介:李祥,男,1963年出生,陕西西安人,教授,博士研究生,主要从事农业废弃物肥料化技术研究与推广工作。通信地址:710021 陕西省西安市未央区陕西科技大学化学与化工学院,E-mail: 453538831@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省创新能力支撑计划“苹果枝条资源化利用关键技术集成与示范”(2019XY-03);陕西省重点研发计划“秸秆资源在农田土壤的综合利用技术开发与示范”(2019ZDLNY01-05-02);广西重点研发计划项目“蔬菜废弃物肥料化技术研究与应用示范”(桂科AB19259016);陕西省林科院项目“经济林枝条(落叶)最佳肥料化模式构建及推广应用研究”(SXLK2020-0218);西安市科技计划项目“秸秆资源在农田土壤的综合利用技术开发与示范”(20193051YF039NS039);“设施蔬菜尾菜肥料化利用关键技术研究”(20NYYF0026)

Study on the Best Composting Parameters and Fertilization Effect of Branch Organic Fertilizer

LI Xiang1(), WANG Yongping1, WANG Yaofeng2, CHU Chunnian3, SUN Xijun3, KE Xiheng1, ZENG Qiao1   

  1. 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Light Chemical Additives for China Light Industry, Xi’an 710021
    2Xi’an Agricultural Machinery Supervision and Extension Station, Xi’an 710061
    3Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xi’an 710061
  • Received:2021-03-26 Revised:2021-06-03 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-03-16

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摘要：

为了规范枝条堆肥、施肥操作,提高有机肥肥效,以枝条腐解率、木质素降解率、种子发芽指数为评价指标,采用正交实验法研究了枝条粉碎度、氮源、微生物菌剂、水分含量等对枝条堆肥效果的影响,优化了枝条堆肥参数,揭示了堆肥过程中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn的变化规律,比较了枝条有机肥与市售有机肥的施用效果。结果表明:（1）影响枝条堆肥的因素为:水分含量>氮源>枝条粉碎度>微生物菌剂。（2）堆肥过程中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn的含量均有增加,其中K含量增加最小,为29.94%,Mn的含量增加最大,为63.67%。（3）枝条有机肥的施用比市售有机肥更能增加土壤有机质的含量,改善苹果质量。枝条堆肥时,水分含量应为60%,以猪粪为氮源、枝条粉碎度以0.5~2.5 cm为宜,微生物菌剂对堆肥影响不大。堆肥过程是N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn富集的过程。枝条有机肥更能提高苹果的品质。

关键词: 枝条堆肥, 最佳参数, 各元素的变化, 施肥效果, 有机质, 微生物菌剂

Abstract:

To standardize branch composting and fertilization operations, and improve the efficiency of organic fertilizer, the branch decay rate, lignin degradation rate and seed germination index were used as evaluation indicators, the orthogonal experiment method was used to study the effect of the grinding degree, nitrogen source, microbial agent and moisture content on compost. The composting parameters of the branches were optimized, the changes of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn during the composting process were revealed, and the application effects of branch organic fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer were compared. The results showed that: (1) the factors that affecting branch composting were: moisture content>nitrogen source>branch grinding degree>microbial inoculants; (2) during the composting process, the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn all increased, among them, the K content increased the least (29.94%), and the Mn content increased the most (63.67%); (3) the application of branch organic fertilizer could increase the content of soil organic matter and improve the quality of apples more than commercial organic fertilizer. When the branches were composted, the moisture content should be 60%, pig manure should be used as the nitrogen source, and the branch grinding size should be 0.5-2.5 cm. Microbial inoculants had little effect on composting. The composting process was a process of enrichment of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn, and branch organic fertilizer could improve the quality of apples.

Key words: branch composting, optimal parameters, changes of various elements, fertilization effect, organic matter, microbial inoculants

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