微生物菌剂拌土对盐碱地玉米茎基腐病的预防及促生效果

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0077

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研制促进宁夏银北地区盐碱地玉米生长和预防茎基腐病的微生物菌剂。选取耐盐碱微生物为试验材料,采用平板拮抗法筛选镰刀菌等多种病原菌的拮抗菌、检测产酶能力及相容性,利用微生物菌剂田间拌土法测试对玉米茎基腐病的防病及促生效果。从177株喜盐和嗜碱菌中筛选出4株拮抗菌,产酶能力较强,B-2和N-16鉴定为索诺拉沙漠芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sonorensis)、N-17为短小芽胞杆菌 (B. pumilus)、B-26是副地衣芽胞杆菌(B. paralicheniformis);4株菌不互相抑制,以混合粉剂、土壤调节剂、微量元素和载体为主要成分的2种微生物菌剂JF和YF,拌土处理对宁夏玉米茎基腐病的预防效果在60%以上,具有明显的促生和增产效果。微生物菌剂JF和YF拌土可以促进宁夏银北地区盐碱地玉米生长和有效预防玉米茎基腐病,对于盐碱地资源的有效利用具有重要意义。

关键词: 微生物菌剂, 盐碱地, 玉米茎基腐病, 预防效果, 促生效果

Abstract:

The aim is to develop microbial agents that promote the maize growth and prevent maize stem basal rot in saline-alkaline soil in Yinbei of Ningxia. The microorganisms with high saline tolerance were used as experimental materials, the antagonistic bacteria against Fusarium and other pathogens were screened and the ability to produce enzyme and compatibility were detected using plate antagonistic culture. In addition, the effects of prevention of maize stem basal rot and growth-promoting were tested relying on the microbial agents mixed with saline-alkaline soil in field trail. The results showed that four antifungal bacteria were screened against a variety of pathogens such as Fusarium with high producing enzyme ability among 237 saline-alkaline isolates. Strains B-2 and N-16 were identified as Bacillus sonorensis, N-17 as B. pumilus, and B-26 as B. paralicheniformis. The four strains could not inhibit each other, and microbial agents contained the mix powder of the four strains, soil conditioner, microelement and vector. The preventive effect of microbial agents YF or JF mixed with saline-alkaline soil against the maize stem basal rot could reach beyond 60%, showing evident growth-promoting and yield-increasing effect. Microbial agents YF or JF mixed with saline-alkaline soil could promote maize growth and prevent maize stem basal rot in Yinbei of Ningxia, and the study has certain significance for effective use of saline-alkaline soil.

Key words: microbial agent, saline-alkaline soil, maize stem base rot, preventive effect, growth-promoting effect

中图分类号:

S476

沙月霞, 李明洋, 伍顺华, 张昂. 微生物菌剂拌土对盐碱地玉米茎基腐病的预防及促生效果[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(5): 75-82.

Sha Yuexia, Li Mingyang, Wu Shunhua, Zhang Ang. Microbial Agents Mixed with Saline-alkaline Soil: Effect of Prevention of Stem Basal Rot and Growth-promoting on Maize[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(5): 75-82.

图/表 10

参考文献 23

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病原菌	菌株B-2/%	菌株N-16/%	菌株N-17/%	菌株B-26/%
尖孢镰刀菌	44.00±0.33	36.84±0.88	40.91±0.56	41.50±0.37
西瓜枯萎病菌	70.27±0.81	76.32±0.15	70.00±0.34	54.02±0.58
串珠镰刀菌	64.89±0.52	37.50±1.02	38.89±0.24	60.61±0.63
立枯丝核菌	20.00±0.44	31.25±0.71	37.50±0.83	33.33±0.57
烟草黑胫病菌	79.48±0.29	77.84±0.48	70.22±0.37	77.25±0.42
稻瘟病菌	84.12±0.09	65.04±0.75	66.83±0.28	88.01±0.46

病原菌	菌株B-2/%	菌株N-16/%	菌株N-17/%	菌株B-26/%
尖孢镰刀菌	44.00±0.33	36.84±0.88	40.91±0.56	41.50±0.37
西瓜枯萎病菌	70.27±0.81	76.32±0.15	70.00±0.34	54.02±0.58
串珠镰刀菌	64.89±0.52	37.50±1.02	38.89±0.24	60.61±0.63
立枯丝核菌	20.00±0.44	31.25±0.71	37.50±0.83	33.33±0.57
烟草黑胫病菌	79.48±0.29	77.84±0.48	70.22±0.37	77.25±0.42
稻瘟病菌	84.12±0.09	65.04±0.75	66.83±0.28	88.01±0.46

菌株名称	淀粉酶/cm	蛋白酶/cm	葡聚糖酶/cm	纤维素酶/cm	嗜铁素
菌株B-2	2.10±0.11	0.52±0.92	0.54±0.57	0.67±0.34	-
菌株N-16	1.93±0.49	0.82±0.37	-	0.55±0.55	-
菌株N-17	-	0.70±0.09	-	0.73±0.22	-
菌株B-26	1.70±0.36	0.40±0.08	0.40±0.36	0.70±0.83	+

菌株名称	淀粉酶/cm	蛋白酶/cm	葡聚糖酶/cm	纤维素酶/cm	嗜铁素
菌株B-2	2.10±0.11	0.52±0.92	0.54±0.57	0.67±0.34	-
菌株N-16	1.93±0.49	0.82±0.37	-	0.55±0.55	-
菌株N-17	-	0.70±0.09	-	0.73±0.22	-
菌株B-26	1.70±0.36	0.40±0.08	0.40±0.36	0.70±0.83	+

处理	出苗率/%		株高/cm		茎粗（第一节间周长）/cm
处理	出苗率	促进率	株高	促进率	茎粗	促进率
YF	78.94±4.39 a	107.75±3.62	64.27±1.11 a	46.68±0.97	9.67±0.24 a	48.54±0.34
JF	67.12±5.39 ab	72.65±4.15	64.00±1.39 a	45.97±1.24	9.27±0.19 a	43.48±0.22
CK	41.67±8.95 b	/	43.87±0.99 b	/	6.51±0.31 b	/