滨海盐碱地改良研究现状及展望

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0255

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在中国东部耕地资源紧缺、人地供需失衡的背景下,迫切需要增加耕地,保证“占补平衡”。滨海盐碱地作为一类潜在的土地后备资源,其合理开发利用对缓解土地资源不足的压力、提高农业水资源利用效率和生态系统稳定性具有重要的战略与现实意义。本文介绍了滨海盐碱地的资源现状及主要特点,从物理、化学、水利工程、生物4个方面总结了当前滨海盐碱地改良利用研究进展及其存在的问题,并从盐碱地生物物理过程、障碍消减、地力提升与养分扩容、新材料研制与应用、土壤碳固存、综合治理与修复等方面提出了未来滨海盐碱地土壤改良的研究展望,以期为新时代生态文明背景下滨海盐碱地可持续利用提供新理念、新技术和基础理论支持。

关键词: 滨海盐碱地, 资源现状, 典型特征, 土壤改良, 研究展望

Abstract:

Under the background of cultivated land resource shortage and an increasing contradiction between human and land in east China, it is urgent to increase cultivated land to ensure a ‘balance of occupation and compensation’. Coastal saline-alkali land, as a potential land reserve resource, has strategic and practical significance by its rational development and utilization to alleviate the pressure of land resource shortage, improve agricultural water resource utilization efficiency and ecosystem stability. This paper introduced the current situation and main characteristics of coastal saline-alkali land resources, and summarized the recent research progress and existing problems of coastal saline-alkali land improvement and utilization from the physical, chemical, hydraulic engineering and biological aspects, and put forward the research prospect of coastal saline-alkali land in the future from biophysical process, obstacle reduction, soil fertility improvement and nutrient expansion, development and application of new materials, soil carbon sequestration, and comprehensive management and remediation, aiming to provide new ideas, new technologies and theoretical support for coastal saline-alkali soil improvement under the background of ecological civilization in the new era.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali land, resource status, typical features, soil amelioration, research prospect

中图分类号:

S156.4

赵英, 王丽, 赵惠丽, 陈小兵. 滨海盐碱地改良研究现状及展望[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(3): 67-74.

ZHAO Ying, WANG Li, ZHAO Huili, CHEN Xiaobing. Research Status and Prospects of Saline-alkali Land Amelioration in the Coastal Region of China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(3): 67-74.

图/表 3

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海岸	总面积/×10⁴ hm²		比例/%	构成/%
海岸	总面积/×10⁴ hm²		比例/%	滨海滩涂	沼泽	河漫滩
总计		217.09	100	80.6	14.5	4.9
渤海沿岸	小计	68.04	31.3	75.1	17.5	7.4
	辽宁部分	24.18	35.5	70.7	29.3	—
	河北部分	11	16.2	70.2	26	3.8
	天津部分	5.87	8.6	63.7	23.5	12.7
	山东北部	26.99	39.7	83.7	1.9	14.4
南黄海岸	小计	58.2	26.8	79.3	20.4	0.3
	山东东部	6.88	11.8	92.1	5.9	2
	江苏部分	51.32	88.2	77.6	22.4	—
东部海岸	小计	55.49	25.6	84.5	6.3	9.2
	上海部分	6.15	11.1	72.7	27.3	—
	浙江部分	28.86	52	79.7	5	15.3
	福建部分	20.49	36.9	94.8	1.8	3.4
华南沿海	小计	35.36	16.3	86.8	12.3	0.9
	广东部分	20.42	57.8	89.8	9.6	0.6
	海南部分	4.89	13.8	80.8	15.1	4.1
	广西部分	10.05	28.4	83.7	16.3	—

海岸	总面积/×10⁴ hm²		比例/%	构成/%
海岸	总面积/×10⁴ hm²		比例/%	滨海滩涂	沼泽	河漫滩
总计		217.09	100	80.6	14.5	4.9
渤海沿岸	小计	68.04	31.3	75.1	17.5	7.4
	辽宁部分	24.18	35.5	70.7	29.3	—
	河北部分	11	16.2	70.2	26	3.8
	天津部分	5.87	8.6	63.7	23.5	12.7
	山东北部	26.99	39.7	83.7	1.9	14.4
南黄海岸	小计	58.2	26.8	79.3	20.4	0.3
	山东东部	6.88	11.8	92.1	5.9	2
	江苏部分	51.32	88.2	77.6	22.4	—
东部海岸	小计	55.49	25.6	84.5	6.3	9.2
	上海部分	6.15	11.1	72.7	27.3	—
	浙江部分	28.86	52	79.7	5	15.3
	福建部分	20.49	36.9	94.8	1.8	3.4
华南沿海	小计	35.36	16.3	86.8	12.3	0.9
	广东部分	20.42	57.8	89.8	9.6	0.6
	海南部分	4.89	13.8	80.8	15.1	4.1
	广西部分	10.05	28.4	83.7	16.3	—