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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (34): 90-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0040

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

8种耐盐植物与脱硫石膏对河套灌区盐碱土水稳定性团聚体的影响

肖弘扬1(), 李谟志1, 林启美1(), 李二珍2, 李贵桐1, 赵小蓉1   

  1. 1中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京 100193
    2内蒙古五原县农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015100
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-14 修回日期:2021-03-18 出版日期:2021-12-05 发布日期:2022-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 林启美
  • 作者简介:肖弘扬,女,1992年出生,福建福清人,在读博士研究生,主要从事土壤肥力与土壤改良研究工作。通信地址:100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号 中国农业大学西校区资环楼1-114,E-mail: xhy@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“河套平原盐碱地生态治理关键技术研究与集成示范”(2016YFC0501306)

Effects of 8 Salt-tolerant Plants and Desulfurization Gypsum on the Water-stable Aggregates of Saline-alkali Soil in Hetao Irrigation District

Xiao Hongyang1(), Li Mozhi1, Lin Qimei1(), Li Erzhen2, Li Guitong1, Zhao Xiaorong1   

  1. 1College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
    2Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension and Service Center of Wuyuan County, Bayannur Inner Mongolia 015100
  • Received:2021-01-14 Revised:2021-03-18 Online:2021-12-05 Published:2022-01-06
  • Contact: Lin Qimei

摘要:

为了探究种植不同耐盐植物配合施用脱硫石膏对河套灌区盐碱土水稳定性团聚体的影响,本研究在内蒙古河套灌区硫酸盐盐碱土上种植8种典型的耐盐植物,配合施用脱硫石膏,比较种植前后土壤水稳定性团聚体特征,以期筛选出适宜的耐盐植物。结果表明,种植耐盐植物后,<0.01 mm团聚体质量分数降低了44%~65%,而>0.25 mm和0.25~0.053 mm团聚体显著增加了95%~203%和21%~66%,0.053~0.01 mm团聚体质量分数没有发生显著的变化;各级团聚体有机碳和全氮显著提高,尤其是>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体,有机碳和全氮含量分别增加了13%~90%和75%~179%。不同耐盐植物存在明显的差异,其中多年生豆科植物的效果更为明显。>0.25 mm和0.25~0.053 mm团聚体质量分数与土壤pH、EC值、Na+、Mg2+、SO42-和Cl-含量呈显著的负相关关系,但与有机碳和全氮含量呈极显著的正相关关系,而<0.01 mm团聚体质量分数则与之相反。可见,盐分离子决定小团聚体,而大团聚体取决于有机质含量,种植耐盐植物由于降低盐分含量,同时提高有机质含量,从而促进盐碱土矿质土粒团聚作用,形成较大的水稳定性团聚体,多年生耐盐植物柳枝稷、紫花苜蓿、草木犀等效果更好,可有效地改良本地区盐碱土。

关键词: 河套灌区, 盐碱土, 土壤改良, 耐盐植物, 脱硫石膏, 水稳定性团聚体, 有机碳, 全氮

Abstract:

To explore the influence of planting different salt-tolerant plants and using desulfurization gypsum on the water-stable aggregates of saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District, this study added desulfurization gypsum and planted 8 typical salt-tolerant plants on the sulfate saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia, and compared the characteristics of soil water-stable aggregates before and after planting, to screen out suitable salt-tolerant plants. The results showed that after planting salt-tolerant plants, the mass fraction of <0.01 mm soil aggregates decreased by 44%-65%, while the mass fraction of >0.25 mm and 0.25-0.053 mm soil aggregates increased by 95%-203% and 21%-66%, respectively. The mass fraction of 0.053-0.01 mm aggregates did not change significantly. Organic carbon and total nitrogen increased significantly at all levels of aggregates, especially in >0.25 mm water-stable aggregates, where organic carbon and total nitrogen increased by 13%-90% and 75%-179%, respectively. There were obvious differences among different salt-tolerant plants, among which the effect of perennial legumes was more obvious. The mass fraction of >0.25 mm and 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates showed a significantly negative correlation with soil pH, EC, and Na +, Mg2+, SO42- and Cl- contents, but a very significantly positive correlation with organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, while the mass fraction of <0.01 mm soil aggregates was the opposite. In conclusion, salt ions decide small aggregates and the big aggregate depends on the organic matter content. Planting salt-tolerant plants could reduce the salt content, at the same time improve the organic matter content, thus promote the mineral soil particles aggregation in saline-alkali soil, and form larger water-stable aggregates. Perennial salt-tolerant plants, such as switchgrass, alfalfa and sweet clover have better effect, which could effectively improve saline soil in the area.

Key words: Hetao Irrigation District, saline-alkali soil, soil improvement, salt-tolerant plant, desulfurization gypsum, water-stable soil aggregate, organic carbon, total nitrogen

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