秸秆生物炭在农田中的应用研究综述

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0616

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (21): 59-65.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0616

所属专题：资源与环境

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

秸秆生物炭在农田中的应用研究综述

张美芝¹(), 耿煜函¹, 张薇¹, 林昕¹, 温佳旭¹, 陈雪丽², 肖洋¹()

¹黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院/农业资源利用与环境安全重点实验室,哈尔滨 150080
²黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室,哈尔滨 150086

收稿日期:2020-11-03 修回日期:2020-12-23 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-07-29
通讯作者: 肖洋
作者简介:张美芝,女,1994年出生,山东潍坊人,硕士,研究方向：土壤养分。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,Tel：0451-86609487,E-mail： 1012130024@qq.com。
基金资助:
中挪国际合作项目(CHN-17/0019 SINOGRAIN II)

The Role of Straw Biochar in Farmland: A Review

Zhang Meizhi¹(), Geng Yuhan¹, Zhang Wei¹, Lin Xin¹, Wen Jiaxu¹, Chen Xueli², Xiao Yang¹()

¹College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Utilization and Environmental Security, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
²Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environmental Resources of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150086

Received:2020-11-03 Revised:2020-12-23 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-07-29
Contact: Xiao Yang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂应用到农田土壤中,能够在很大程度上改善土壤物理结构、提高土壤养分转化效率,缓解不合理生产制度所造成的土壤退化问题,对促进农业增产、保障国家粮食安全、提高土壤资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。本文通过分析和总结国内外专家对秸秆生物炭在农田中应用的研究成果,提出今后的研究方向,为农业生产中生物炭的应用提供理论支持。通过查阅和分析相关文献、资料,重点讨论了不同材料、热解温度的生物炭对农田土壤理化性质和作物生长的影响。目前,国内外对生物炭在改善土壤质量和生产力等方面的应用进行大量的试验,虽取得了一定的成果,但尚未形成一套完整的理论体系来阐述生物炭的生产方式、施用量等对农业生产的影响。土壤是一个复杂的环境,多种因素起着冲突作用,土壤—生物炭的相互作用还未完全被了解,在今后的研究中可适当调整实验设计,最大限度提高生物炭性能。

关键词: 秸秆, 生物炭, 土壤改良剂, 农田, 土壤理化性质, 作物生长, 作物产量

Abstract:

Biochar, as a kind of soil conditioner, can improve the physical structure of soil, enhance the efficiency of soil nutrient transformation and alleviate soil degradation caused by unreasonable production system. It is of great significance to promote agricultural production, ensure national food security and improve the sustainable utilization of soil resources. This paper analyzes the research results of domestic and foreign experts on the application of straw biochar in farmland, and puts forward the research direction in the future, aiming to provide theoretical support for the application of biochar in agricultural production. The effects of biochar with different materials and pyrolysis temperature on soil physical and chemical properties and crop growth are discussed by consulting and analyzing relevant literature and materials. At present, a large number of experiments have been carried out on the application of biochar in improving soil quality and productivity at home and abroad. Although some achievements have been made, a complete theoretical system has not been formed to elaborate the influence of biochar production mode and application rate in agricultural production. Soil has a complex environment, and many factors play a role in conflict. The interaction between soil and biochar has not been fully understood. In the future, we can adjust the experimental design to maximize the performance of biochar.

Key words: straw, biochar, soil conditioner, soil, physical and chemical properties of soil, crop growth, crop yield

中图分类号:

S158.3

张美芝, 耿煜函, 张薇, 林昕, 温佳旭, 陈雪丽, 肖洋. 秸秆生物炭在农田中的应用研究综述[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(21): 59-65.

Zhang Meizhi, Geng Yuhan, Zhang Wei, Lin Xin, Wen Jiaxu, Chen Xueli, Xiao Yang. The Role of Straw Biochar in Farmland: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(21): 59-65.

图/表 1

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生物炭类型	生物炭	土壤类型	作物	产量/%(与对照相比)	来源
松木屑	22 t /hm²	库布齐沙漠土	高粱	+ 18	[81]
松木屑	22 t /hm²	塔尔沙漠土	高粱	+ 22	[81]
谷壳和棉籽壳	5%	砂壤土	番茄	+20	[52]
木质	30 t/hm²	粉壤土	小麦	+ 32.1	[82]
木质	60 t/hm²	粉壤土	小麦	+ 23.6	[82]
花生壳和锯木	20 t/hm²	砂质黏壤土	西芹	+ 31.6	[83]
花生壳和锯木	160 t/hm²	砂质黏壤土	西芹	+30.3	[83]
硬木和软木	5 % W/W	砂壤土	马铃薯	显著增加	[77]

生物炭类型	生物炭	土壤类型	作物	产量/%(与对照相比)	来源
松木屑	22 t /hm²	库布齐沙漠土	高粱	+ 18	[81]
松木屑	22 t /hm²	塔尔沙漠土	高粱	+ 22	[81]
谷壳和棉籽壳	5%	砂壤土	番茄	+20	[52]
木质	30 t/hm²	粉壤土	小麦	+ 32.1	[82]
木质	60 t/hm²	粉壤土	小麦	+ 23.6	[82]
花生壳和锯木	20 t/hm²	砂质黏壤土	西芹	+ 31.6	[83]
花生壳和锯木	160 t/hm²	砂质黏壤土	西芹	+30.3	[83]
硬木和软木	5 % W/W	砂壤土	马铃薯	显著增加	[77]

秸秆生物炭在农田中的应用研究综述

The Role of Straw Biochar in Farmland: A Review

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