秸秆还田及添加生物炭对黑土玉米生长季N2O排放的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0943

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (27): 79-85.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0943

所属专题：生物技术；玉米

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇下一篇

秸秆还田及添加生物炭对黑土玉米生长季N₂O排放的影响

张楠¹(), 潘仕球¹, 乔云发¹, 朱保国², 苗淑杰¹()

1.应用气象学院南京信息工程大学,南京 210044
2.黑龙江省农科院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯 154002

收稿日期:2021-09-30 修回日期:2021-12-23 出版日期:2022-10-05 发布日期:2022-09-21
通讯作者: 苗淑杰
作者简介:张楠,女,1996年出生,陕西渭南人,硕士,主要从事土壤氮循环与温室气体排放研究。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市宁六路219号南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,E-mail： zhangn9658@163.com。
基金资助:
公益性行业（农业）科研专项“东北平原风沙土区旱地合理耕层构建技术指标及集成示范”(201503116-03);南京信息工程大学引进人才项目(2015r020)

The Response of N₂O Emissions to Straw Returning and Biochar Addition During Maize Growing Season in Mollisol

ZHANG Nan¹(), PAN Shiqiu¹, QIAO Yunfa¹, ZHU Baoguo², MIAO Shujie¹()

1. School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
2. Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002

Received:2021-09-30 Revised:2021-12-23 Online:2022-10-05 Published:2022-09-21
Contact: MIAO Shujie

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为比较秸秆还田与添加生物炭对黑土氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放的影响,基于中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站建立的定位田间试验,设单施化肥(NPK)、秸秆还田配施化肥(NPK+SR)、生物炭配施化肥(NPK+BC) 3个处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定黑土区玉米生长季N₂O排放通量。在试验进行的第3年,采集生长季土壤排放的气体,测定N₂O排放通量。结果表明：较单施化肥相比,NPK+SR处理N₂O累积排放量增加了83.1%,而NPK+BC处理降低了32.4%。尽管土壤N₂O排放通量与土壤温度的相关系数因不同处理而存在差异,但各处理均表现出显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。而土壤含水量与N₂O排放通量未呈现相关关系(P>0.05)。与单施化肥处理相比,秸秆还田和添加生物炭后玉米总产量增加了12.0%和34.3%。由此可见,玉米秸秆制成生物炭还田既增加玉米产量,又达到N₂O减排的目的,在本试验条件下,生物炭是玉米秸秆还田的有效方式。

关键词: 黑土, 生物炭, 秸秆还田, N₂O排放, 玉米

Abstract:

Based on the long-term field positioning test established in Hailun Agroecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, a field experiment was carried out to explore the effects of straw returning and biochar addition on N₂O emission flux during maize growing season in mollisol using static chamber and gas chromatography. Three treatments were designed in this experiment: chemical fertilizer (NPK), straw returning with chemical fertilizer (NPK + SR) and biochar with chemical fertilizer (NPK + BC). In the third year of the study, the emissions from soil during the maize growing season were collected and the N₂O emission flux was measured. The results showed that the cumulative N₂O emission increased by 83.1% under NPK+SR treatment and decreased by 32.4% under NPK+BC compared with that under NPK. Although the correlation coefficient between soil temperature and N₂O emission flux changed with the treatments, there were significantly positive correlations between them across the treatments (P<0.05). In addition, there was no correlation between soil moisture and N₂O emission across the treatments (P>0.05). Compared with NPK treatment, straw returning and biochar addition treatments increased maize yield by 12.0% and 34.4%, respectively. Therefore, the biochar from maize straw applied to field could not only increase maize yield, but also decrease N₂O emission. Under the conditions of this experiment, biochar is a potential strategy for returning maize straw to field in mollisol region.

Key words: mollisol, biochar, straw returning, N₂O emissions, maize

中图分类号:

S154.1

张楠, 潘仕球, 乔云发, 朱保国, 苗淑杰. 秸秆还田及添加生物炭对黑土玉米生长季N₂O排放的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(27): 79-85.

ZHANG Nan, PAN Shiqiu, QIAO Yunfa, ZHU Baoguo, MIAO Shujie. The Response of N₂O Emissions to Straw Returning and Biochar Addition During Maize Growing Season in Mollisol[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(27): 79-85.

图/表 5

	pH	全碳/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	碳氮比
秸秆	-	42.16	0.82	51.35
生物炭	10.42	62.45	1.1	56.78

表1. 试验区秸秆和生物炭的基础性质

图1. 试验期间温度、降雨量、土壤孔隙含水量(WFPS)和不同土层深度温度的动态变化（a）降雨及气温;（b）土壤孔隙含水量;（c）不同土层深度温度。“↓”表示追肥

图2. 玉米生长季期间不同处理N2O排放通量 “↓”表示追肥;“曲线阴影”表示误差线

处理	玉米生物量				作物吸收氮量全株
处理	根	秸秆	籽粒	全株	作物吸收氮量全株
NPK	644±28 c	6590±121 b	6756±509 c	13989±582 c	151±10 b
NPK+SR	762±64 b	7295±952 b	7617±391 b	15674±663 b	150±11 b
NPK+BC	991±67 a	9084±654 a	8713±239 a	18789±588 a	214±26 a

表2. 不同处理下玉米生物量和作物吸氮量 kg/hm2

图3. 不同玉米生育期N2O累积排放量不同小写字母表示处理间差异达显著性水平(P<0.05) （S1：全生育期;S2：苗期;S3：拔节孕穗期;S4：抽穗开花期;S5：乳熟期;S6：成熟期）

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秸秆还田及添加生物炭对黑土玉米生长季N₂O排放的影响

The Response of N₂O Emissions to Straw Returning and Biochar Addition During Maize Growing Season in Mollisol

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