不同施氮水平对农田黑土净氮转化速率和温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1078

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (31): 93-100.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1078

所属专题：生物技术

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇下一篇

不同施氮水平对农田黑土净氮转化速率和温室气体排放的影响

郎漫¹^,²(), 袁晓航³, 李平¹^,²()

¹南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京 210044
²南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京 210044
³南京信息工程大学长望学院,南京 210044

收稿日期:2021-11-09 修回日期:2022-04-10 出版日期:2022-11-05 发布日期:2022-10-27
通讯作者: 李平
作者简介:郎漫,女,1982年出生,黑龙江哈尔滨人,副教授,博士,研究方向：土壤氮循环及其生态环境效应。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市宁六路219号南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,Tel：025-58731294,E-mail： mlang@nuist.edu.cn。
基金资助:
中央土壤污染防治资金项目“新沂市受污染耕地安全利用推进区(示范基地);国家自然科学基金项目“结构改良剂对污染水稻土重金属形态和有效性的影响机理”(41301345);“耕作和施肥对黑土氮初级转化速率的影响及其环境效应”(41101284)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Net Nitrogen Transformation Rate and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Cropland Black Soil

LANG Man¹^,²(), YUAN Xiaohang³, LI Ping¹^,²()

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
²School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
³School of Changwang, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044

Received:2021-11-09 Revised:2022-04-10 Online:2022-11-05 Published:2022-10-27
Contact: LI Ping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨不同施氮水平对农田黑土氮素转化和温室气体排放的影响,以期为农田合理施肥提供科学指导。以黑龙江省农田黑土为对象,采用室内培养试验,研究土壤净氮矿化速率、净硝化速率、N₂O和CO₂排放速率及累积排放量对不同施氮水平[0 mg N/kg (N0)、40 mg N/kg (N40)、60 mg N/kg (N60)、80 mg N/kg (N80)]的响应。结果表明,不施氮的N0处理土壤净氮矿化速率为0.03 mg N/(kg·d),而N40、N60和N80处理土壤净氮矿化速率分别为-0.71、-1.01、-1.27 mg N/(kg·d),均表现为对氮的净固定。施氮显著促进了土壤硝化作用,N0处理土壤净硝化速率为0.32 mg N/(kg·d),而N40、N60和N80处理土壤净硝化速率分别为N0处理的15.2、19.7、24.0倍。在0~60 mg N/kg施氮水平内,土壤N₂O排放速率随施氮水平的增加而显著增加,施氮水平增加至80 mg N/kg时,N₂O排放速率反而显著低于N60处理。N0处理的N₂O排放比例为8.11‰,施氮后N₂O排放比例显著降低,N40、N60和N80处理的N₂O排放比例分别为1.48‰、1.72‰和1.15‰,3个施氮水平间没有显著差异。与N0处理相比,施氮显著抑制了土壤CO₂的排放,但CO₂累积排放量不受施氮水平的影响。研究表明,施氮水平显著影响土壤净氮转化速率和温室气体排放,研究结果对加深农田黑土氮转化规律的理解及氮肥的合理施用具有实际意义。

关键词: 氮肥, 黑土, 矿化, 硝化, N₂O, CO₂

Abstract:

The study aims to understand the effects of different nitrogen (N) application levels on N transformation and greenhouse gas emissions in cropland black soil, and provide scientific guidance for rational fertilization in cropland. Cropland black soil in Heilongjiang Province was selected to study the responses of net N mineralization rate, net nitrification rate, N₂O and CO₂ emission rates and cumulative emissions to different N application levels [0 (N0), 40 (N40), 60 (N60) and 80 (N80) mg N/kg] through a laboratory incubation experiment. The results showed that the net N mineralization rate of N0 treatment was 0.03 mg N/(kg·d), while that of N40, N60 and N80 treatments was -0.71, -1.01 and -1.27 mg N/(kg·d), respectively, which indicated the occurrence of net N immobilization in the three treatments. Nitrogen application significantly promoted nitrification in soil, soil net nitrification rate of N0 treatment was 0.32 mg N/(kg·d), while that of N40, N60 and N80 treatments was 15.2, 19.7 and 24.0 times that of N0 treatment, respectively. The N₂O emission rate increased significantly with the increase of N application level within 0-60 mg N/kg, however, when the N application level increased to 80 mg N/kg, N₂O emission rate was significantly lower than that of N60 treatment. The N₂O emission ratio of N0 treatment was 8.11‰, N application significantly decreased the ratio to 1.48‰, 1.72‰ and 1.15‰ under N40, N60, and N80 treatments, respectively, and no significant difference among the three N application rates was observed. Compared with N0 treatment, N application significantly inhibited CO₂ emission, whereas, CO₂ cumulative emission was not affected by N application level. This study show that N application level significantly affect soil net N transformation rate and greenhouse gas emissions, and the results are of practical significance for deeply understanding the N transformation regularity in cropland black soil and the rational application of N fertilizer.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, black soil, mineralization, nitrification, N₂O, CO₂

中图分类号:

S153

郎漫, 袁晓航, 李平. 不同施氮水平对农田黑土净氮转化速率和温室气体排放的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(31): 93-100.

LANG Man, YUAN Xiaohang, LI Ping. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Net Nitrogen Transformation Rate and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Cropland Black Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(31): 93-100.

图/表 5

图1. 不同施氮水平下土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量的动态变化

图2. 不同施氮水平下土壤净氮矿化速率和净硝化速率

图3. 不同施氮水平下土壤N2O排放速率和累积排放量的动态变化

图4. 不同施氮水平下土壤净硝化量、N2O排放量和N2O排放比例

图5. 不同施氮水平下土壤CO2排放速率和累积排放量的动态变化

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不同施氮水平对农田黑土净氮转化速率和温室气体排放的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Net Nitrogen Transformation Rate and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Cropland Black Soil

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