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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (32): 77-84.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0404

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤有机质含量与粮食单产的相关性分析——以河南省兰考县为例

樊鹏1,2(), 杨青伟1,2(), 高超1, 李迪1, 王磊1,2, 杨喜会1,2   

  1. 1 河南省科学院地理研究所,郑州 450052
    2 河南省科发地理研究所有限公司,郑州 450052
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-17 修回日期:2024-09-04 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-11-12
  • 通讯作者:
    杨青伟,男,1991年出生,河南新密人,研究实习员,本科,研究方向:土地资源管理。通信地址:450052 河南省郑州市二七区陇海中路64号 河南省科学院地理研究所,Tel:0371-67447875,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    樊鹏,男,1984年出生,河南兰考人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向:节水灌溉与土地资源评价。通信地址:450052 河南省郑州市二七区陇海中路64号 河南省科学院地理研究所,Tel:0371-67447875,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    河南省科学院基本科研业务费项目“有机污染地下水PRB修复微生物活性材料的研发与应用”(230601077); 河南省科学院基本科研业务费项目“旱涝急转下微生物炭基肥对农田水分转化过程的调控机制”(240601025); 河南省科学院基本科研业务费项目“基于农田土壤氮素转化规律提高玉米氮肥利用效率关键技术研究”(240601030); 河南省科技研发计划联合基金“降水线北移对豫西耕地关键生态过程及耕地质量影响机制研究”(235200810045)

Correlation Analysis Between Soil Organic Matter Content and Grain Yield: A Case Study of Lankao County in Henan

FAN Peng1,2(), YANG Qingwei1,2(), GAO Chao1, LI Di1, WANG Lei1,2, YANG Xihui1,2   

  1. 1 Institute of Geography, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052
    2 Henan Kefa Geography Research Institute Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450052
  • Received:2024-06-17 Revised:2024-09-04 Published:2024-11-15 Online:2024-11-12

摘要:

通过分析土壤有机质含量对粮食单产的影响方式和程度,为耕地土壤测土配方施肥工作中有机质含量的确定提供理论参考,也为粮食生产中的降本增效提供相关建议。以兰考县为例,用3种方式对样点进行处理,分别采用趋势分析法,在散点图中添加拟合曲线,系统研究了2019年耕地质量等别成果中的土壤有机质含量因素和当年203个行政村粮食单产的相关关系,分析了土壤有机质含量对粮食单产的影响。结果表明:粮食单产不会随土壤有机质含量的增加而一直增加,二者的关系在图形上呈开口向下的抛物线形态,理论上存在一个能让粮食单产达到最大值的土壤有机质含量临界值。根据3种拟合曲线,计算出兰考县的土壤有机质含量临界值在12.50~13.00 g/kg之间。参考《高标准农田建设通则》(GB/T 30600—2022)中的相关要求,经过验算和分析,将兰考县土壤有机质含量的临界值确定为15.00 g/kg。建议不同的地区要根据自身情况严格论证土壤有机质含量的临界值,当有机质含量达到临界值后,可以适当减少有机质方面的投入,降低粮食生产成本,同时也不会因过多增加土壤有机质含量而影响粮食产量。

关键词: 耕地质量等别, 土壤有机质含量, 粮食产量, 相关性, 临界值, 趋势分析法

Abstract:

By analyzing the influence mode and degree of soil organic matter content on grain yield per unit area, the study provides a theoretical reference for the determination of organic matter content in soil testing and formula fertilization of cultivated land, and also provides relevant suggestions for cost reduction and efficiency increase in grain production. This paper took Lancao County of Henan Province as an example, the influence of soil organic matter content on grain yield was assessed by using trend and fitting correlation analysis, based on the existing annual renewal evaluation results of farmland quality of 203 administrative villages (2019). The results showed that grain yield would not increase continuously with the increase of soil organic matter content. There existed a critical value of soil organic matter content that could maximize the grain yield per unit area, so the relationship between the two showed a downward parabolic shape on the fitted curve. According to the three fitting curves, the critical value of soil organic matter content was calculated to be between 12.50-13.00 g/kg in Lankao County. The critical value of soil organic matter content in Lankao County was determined to be 15.00 g/kg by referring to the relevant requirements in the “Well-facilitated farmland construction—General rules” (GB/T 30600—2022). It was recommended that soil improvement should be tailored to the actual conditions. Once the soil organic matter content reached the ideal level, it was advisable to reduce the application of organic amendments in order to improve cost-effectiveness and efficiency in crop production.

Key words: cultivated land quality grading, soil organic matter content, grain yield, correlation, critical value, trend analysis method