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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 94-100.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0305

所属专题: 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤修复与覆盖防草布对台地柚园氮磷流失的影响

李发林1(), 庄木来2, 钱笑杰1,3, 史国强1, 曹明华1, 张天翔1, 林晓兰1, 武英1, 李延3()   

  1. 1福建省热带作物科学研究所,福建漳州 363001
    2平和县农业农村局,福建漳州 363799
    3福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-29 修回日期:2021-01-15 出版日期:2021-04-05 发布日期:2021-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 李延
  • 作者简介:李发林,男,1972年出生,福建龙岩人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:热带亚热带地区农业土壤资源合理利用。通信地址:363001福建省漳州市芗城区天宝镇五峰省热作所,Tel:0596-2615895,E-mail: 13806904861@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金资助项目“生物质炭对琯溪蜜柚果园土壤氮磷面源污染的机制研究”(2018J01059);福建属公益类科研院所基本科研专项“琯溪蜜柚果园适用溶磷菌的筛选与应用”(2015R1028-1);国家农业(柑橘)产业技术体系专项经费(CARS-26-01A)

Effects of Soil Remediation and Mulching with Grass-proof Cloth on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Tableland Pomelo Orchard

Li Falin1(), Zhuang Mulai2, Qian Xiaojie1,3, Shi Guoqiang1, Cao Minghua1, Zhang Tianxiang1, Lin Xiaolan1, Wu Ying1, Li Yan3()   

  1. 1Fujian Institute of Tropical Crops, Zhangzhou Fujian 363001
    2Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Pinghe County, Zhangzhou Fujian 363799
    3College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
  • Received:2020-07-29 Revised:2021-01-15 Online:2021-04-05 Published:2021-04-12
  • Contact: Li Yan

摘要:

为促进果园生草栽培技术推广和做好果园土壤酸化治理工作,更好促进琯溪蜜柚生产的高质量发展,利用径流小区法,观测琯溪蜜柚果园土壤修复和覆盖防草布对果园土壤径流量和对氮、磷面源污染的控制效果差异。结果表明:(1)果园覆盖防草布可显著降低地表径流量,各次产流量为对照区的21.29%~86.29%;(2)施用沸石粉和白云石粉能够降低径流总氮和可溶性总氮的浓度及流失量,总氮流失量分别为对照(清耕)的64.16%和63.39%,可溶性总氮浓度为对照(清耕)的56.76%和57.65%,两者都有显著性降低。施用沸石粉和白云石粉可降低径流总磷和可溶总磷的浓度和流失量,但差异都不显著;施用沸石粉和白云石粉间的效果,差异不明显。(3)果园覆盖防草布能够显著降低径流总氮流失量和可溶性总氮浓度,可极显著降低年径流总磷和可溶总磷浓度,平均浓度分别为0.035 mg/L和0.006 mg/L,显著减少径流总磷11.54 g/hm2和极显著减少可溶总磷年流失量为2.02 g/hm2;果园生草栽培模式中配套覆盖防草布技术,可很好地解决生草栽培给生产带来的不便,并且可降低径流量和径流氮、磷浓度达到降低氮、磷流失量;土壤修复可降低径流氮、磷浓度达到降低氮磷流失量。

关键词: 土壤修复, 土壤改良剂, 覆盖, 果园, 防草布, 氮,

Abstract:

To promote the popularization of grass planting techniques and soil acidification treatments in orchard, and enhance the high-quality development of Guanxi pomelo production, the runoff plot method was used to observe the control effect of mulching with grass-proof cloth and soil remediation on soil runoff and non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in Guanxi pomelo orchards. The main results showed that: (1) mulching with grass-proof cloth could significantly reduce the surface runoff, and the runoff of each time was 21.29%-86.29% of the control area; (2) zeolite powder and dolomite powder could significantly reduce the concentration and loss of total nitrogen and soluble total nitrogen in runoff, and the total nitrogen loss was 64.16% and 63.39% of the control (the cleaning tillage) respectively, and the soluble total nitrogen concentration was 56.76% and 57.65% of the control (the cleaning tillage) respectively; zeolite powder and dolomite powder could reduce the concentration and loss of total phosphorus and soluble total phosphorus in runoff, but the difference was not significant; the effects of zeolite powder and dolomite powder had no significant difference; (3) mulching with grass-proof cloth could significantly reduce total nitrogen loss and soluble total nitrogen concentration of soil runoff, significantly reduce total phosphorus and soluble total phosphorus concentration of annual runoff; the average concentration of annual runoff total phosphorus and annual runoff soluble total phosphorus was 0.035 and 0.006 mg/L, respectively; the total phosphorus of runoff was significantly reduced by 11.54 g/hm2, and the total phosphorus loss of annual runoff was very significantly reduced by 2.02 mg/hm2. The techniques of grass planting could reduce runoff volume and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff, so as to cut down the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus; the treatments of soil remediation could reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff, to decrease the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Key words: soil remediation, soil conditioner, mulch, orchard, grass-proof cloth, nitrogen, phosphorus

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