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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 96-102.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0041

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤中磷的存在形态及分级方法研究进展

冶赓康1(), 俄胜哲1,2(), 陈政宇3, 袁金华2, 路港滨1, 张鹏1, 刘雅娜1, 赵天鑫1, 王钰轩1   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州 730070
    2.甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州 730070
    3.深圳沃种生物科技有限公司,深圳 518101
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-12 修回日期:2022-04-15 出版日期:2023-01-05 发布日期:2022-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 俄胜哲
  • 作者简介:冶赓康,男,1998年出生,青海民和人,在读硕士,主要从事农业资源利用研究。通信地址:730070 甘肃省兰州市安宁区营门村1号 甘肃农业大学,E-mail:417696153@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“钙对黑垆土农田土壤有机碳固持的作用及机理”(41661072);成果转化项目“功能性智慧型腐殖酸肥料及调理剂产品研制”(2021-001)

The Forms and Classification Methods of Phosphorus in Soil: Research Progress

YE Gengkang1(), E Shengzhe1,2(), CHEN Zhengyu3, YUAN Jinhua2, LU Gangbin1, ZHANG Peng1, LIU Yana1, ZHAO Tianxin1, WANG Yuxuan1   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    2. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Save Water Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    3. Shenzhen Wozhong Biological Technology Co., LTD., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101
  • Received:2022-01-12 Revised:2022-04-15 Online:2023-01-05 Published:2022-12-27
  • Contact: E Shengzhe

摘要:

土壤中的磷直接决定植物生长发育和作物产量,但磷在土壤中的存在形态复杂,能被植物吸收利用的磷形态占全磷含量很少一部分。因此,研究土壤中磷的存在形态及分级方法对提高磷的作物利用效率、探寻提高磷有效性的途径、减少磷损失尤为重要。笔者通过查阅国内外文献报道,系统阐述了磷在土壤中的存在形态、影响磷有效性的影响因素和磷素分级方法等方面的研究进展。研究表明,磷在土壤中的存在形态包括无机磷和有机磷2类,被植物吸收利用的主要是无机磷中的水溶态磷,其他形态的磷很难被植物吸收利用,使得磷在土壤中的利用效率很低。导致磷利用效率低的因素有很多,主要有钙、铁、铝等离子、其他有机质、pH、温度、水分等,研究清楚各因素影响的机制加以改进,能有效提高磷的利用效率。同时,国内外学者不断对磷素分级方法进行完善改进,对磷有效形态的研究不断深入准确,目前,Bowman-Cole的有机磷分级法和Hedley的磷分级方法是应用最广泛的2种方法。

关键词: 磷, 有机磷, 无机磷, 有效性, 分级方法

Abstract:

Phosphorus in soil directly determines plant growth and crop yields, but phosphorus existing forms in soil are very complex, and those phosphorus forms that can be absorbed and utilized by plants account for only a small part of total phosphorus. Therefore, it is important to study the existing forms and classification methods of phosphorus in soil to improve the phosphorus use efficiency of crops, explore ways to enhance phosphorus availability, and reduce phosphorus loss. In this paper, the existing forms of phosphorus in soil, influencing factors of soil phosphorus availability and phosphorus classification methods were reviewed. The results show that the forms of phosphorus in soil consist of two major categories: inorganic phosphorus and organophosphorus, phosphorus absorbed by plants is mainly water soluble inorganic phosphorus, and other forms of phosphorus are difficult to be absorbed by plants, causing low utilization efficiency of phosphorus in soil. There are many factors that lead to low phosphorus use efficiency, mainly ions like calcium, iron and aluminum, and organic matter, pH, temperature, moisture etc. To study and improve the mechanism of the influencing factors could effectively enhance phosphorus utilization efficiency. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of phosphorus classification methods by domestic and foreign scholars, the effective forms of phosphorus have been studied more in-depth and accurately. Bowman-Cole organophosphorus classification method and Hedley’s phosphorus classification method are the two most widely used methods at present.

Key words: phosphorus, organophosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, effectiveness, classification method

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