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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 85-95.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1176

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东茶区土壤肥力时空变化分析与综合评价

崔莹莹(), 周波(), 陈义勇, 刘嘉裕, 黎健龙, 唐颢, 唐劲驰   

  1. 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所/广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室，广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-07 修回日期:2022-02-23 出版日期:2023-01-05 发布日期:2022-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 周波
  • 作者简介:崔莹莹，女，1994年出生，广东河源人，研究实习员，硕士，研究方向：茶树栽培。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区大丰路6号 茶叶研究所，E-mail：cuiyingying@gdaas.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队“以农产品为单元的广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目（茶叶）”(2021KJ120);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目“茶园精准管控栽培”(202125TD);广西重点研发计划“岑溪野生茶树种质资源的创新与应用”(桂科AB18294025)

Spatial-temporal Variation Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Guangdong Major Tea Areas

CUI Yingying(), ZHOU Bo(), CHEN Yiyong, LIU Jiayu, LI Jianlong, TANG Hao, TANG Jinchi   

  1. Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2021-12-07 Revised:2022-02-23 Online:2023-01-05 Published:2022-12-27
  • Contact: ZHOU Bo

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摘要：

为了解广东省茶园土壤养分特征的变化，及时调整土壤养分管理策略，提高茶叶产量和品质。以粤东、粤西和粤北3个主要茶区为研究区域，通过对pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和中微量元素等指标的综合分析，系统评价这3个茶区土壤肥力属性在时间和空间上的变化情况。结果表明，自2009年起，经过10年的养分管理，粤东茶区土壤有机质和速效钾含量显著增加，分别达到22.87 mg/kg和123.00 mg/kg；粤西茶区土壤pH显著下降，土壤酸化程度加剧；粤北茶区土壤有机质含量从18.46 mg/kg显著增加至26.27 mg/kg。广东茶园土壤肥力状况的空间差异分析表明，粤西茶区的土壤有机质和速效钾的含量显著低于粤东和粤北茶区；仅有粤东茶区pH 4.5以上；粤北和粤东茶区Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和Mg的含量均高于粤西茶区，部分差异达到显著水平。粤东茶区土壤养分管理趋向合理，可适当注重氮磷肥的配施。粤北茶区土壤养分管理尚可，但是部分有机肥的种类需要调整为偏碱性的肥料并需配施适量土壤调理剂，以改善土壤酸化加剧的情况，同时需要加强磷钾肥的施用。粤西茶区土壤肥力较差，并且土壤酸化加剧，应适当增施优质有机肥并需配施适量土壤调理剂，以改善土壤肥力质量。

关键词: 茶树栽培, 土壤肥力, 中微量元素, 养分管理, 时空差异

Abstract:

To understand the changes of soil nutrient characteristics of tea gardens in Guangdong Province, adjust soil nutrient management strategies in time, and improve tea yield and quality, the authors took three main tea areas in eastern, western and northern Guangdong as the research objects, conducted a comprehensive analysis of soil pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and medium-trace elements, and systematically evaluated the temporal and spatial changes of soil fertility attributes in these areas. The results showed that after 10 years’ change of nutrient management since 2009, the content of soil organic matter and available potassium in the tea area of eastern Guangdong increased significantly, reaching 22.87 mg/kg and 123.00 mg/kg, respectively. The soil pH in the tea area of western Guangdong decreased significantly, and the soil acidification degree was intensified. The soil organic matter content in the tea area of northern Guangdong increased significantly from 18.46 mg/kg to 26.27 mg/kg. The spatial difference analysis of soil fertility status of Guangdong tea gardens showed that the content of soil organic matter and available potassium in the tea area of western Guangdong was significantly lower than those in the tea area of eastern and northern Guangdong. Only the eastern Guangdong tea area had pH above 4.5. The content of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Mg in the tea area of northern and eastern Guangdong were higher than those in western Guangdong, and some differences reached significant level. The soil nutrient management in the tea area of eastern Guangdong tended to be reasonable, and the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be highlighted appropriately. The soil nutrient management in the tea area of northern Guangdong was acceptable, but some types of organic fertilizers needed to be adjusted to alkaline fertilizers and appropriate soil conditioners should be applied to inhibit the aggravation of soil acidification. At the same time, the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be strengthened. The soil fertility in the tea area of western Guangdong was poor, and the soil acidification was intensified, therefore, high-quality organic fertilizer and an appropriate amount of soil conditioner should be applied to improve the soil fertility and quality.

Key words: tea cultivation, soil fertility, medium and trace elements, nutrient management, spatial-temporal difference

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