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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (29): 103-107.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0631

所属专题: 生物技术 资源与环境

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥对作物品质、土壤肥力及环境影响的研究进展

晁赢1,2(), 付钢锋3, 阎祥慧1, 杭中桥4, 杨全刚1, 王会1, 潘红1, 娄燕宏1(), 诸玉平1()   

  1. 1土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心/山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安 271018
    2泰安高新技术产业开发区科技创新部,山东泰安 271000
    3山东新超农业科技有限公司,山东聊城 252800
    4邹城市农业农村局,山东济宁 273500
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-22 修回日期:2021-08-19 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 娄燕宏,诸玉平
  • 作者简介:晁赢,女,1984年出生,安徽固镇人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事植物营养学研究。通信地址:271018 山东省泰安市泰山区岱宗大街61号,山东农业大学/山东省泰安市高新技术产业开发区正阳门大街,泰安市高新技术产业开发区科技创新部,Tel:0538-8939918,E-mail: chaoying0217@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目“有效养分增量型高品质有机肥生产与应用技术创新研究与示范”(SD2019ZZ021);山东省杂粮产业技术体系栽培与土壤肥料岗位专家经费(SDAIT-15-04)

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Crop Quality, Soil Fertility and Environment: Research Progress

CHAO Ying1,2(), FU Gangfeng3, YAN Xianghui1, HANG Zhongqiao4, YANG Quangang1, WANG Hui1, PAN Hong1, LOU Yanhong1(), ZHUGE Yuping1()   

  1. 1National Engineering Research Center for the Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer/College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018
    2Tai’an Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Tai’an, Shandong 271000
    3Shandong Xinchao Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, Shandong 252800
    4Zoucheng Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Jining, Shandong 273500
  • Received:2021-06-22 Revised:2021-08-19 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-14
  • Contact: LOU Yanhong,ZHUGE Yuping

摘要:

有机肥替代部分化肥是实现化肥减量增效的重要途径,对提高作物产量、改善土壤肥力等具有显著效果,但其对温室气体排放以及增加土壤环境中污染物负荷的贡献亦不容小觑。本文重点综述了施用有机肥对作物品质、土壤改良、温室气体排放、农业面源污染等的影响,分析了有机肥施用研究现状,并对有机肥施用的研究趋势提出建议,首先不断优化发酵工艺提升有机肥品质是根本;其次强化品质性状评价在有机肥施用效果评价中的地位,充分依托长期定位观测和现代化监测手段,不断提升肥力监测水平,加强生态环境效应综合评价是保障,以期为科学、合理、高效使用有机肥,保障土壤资源的可持续利用提供指导。

关键词: 有机肥, 品质, 土壤结构, 土壤肥力, 土壤微生物

Abstract:

The substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers is an effective strategy to reduce the amount and increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizer. It also significantly stimulates crop yield and soil fertility. However, it is worth noting that the substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers could contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution loading in soil environment. This paper reviewed the effects of organic fertilizer application on crop quality, soil amelioration, greenhouse gas emissions and agricultural non-point source pollution. Besides, we summarized current research of organic fertilizer application and put forward proposals for further studying the organic fertilizer application. Firstly, constantly optimizing the fermentation process to improve the quality of organic fertilizer is of overarching importance. Secondly, it is suggested to strengthen the quality trait evaluation in assessing the application effect of organic fertilizer, and take full advantage of long-term positioning observation and modern monitoring means to improve the soil fertility monitoring level and accomplish the comprehensive environmental effect evaluation. These suggestions aim at providing guidance for rational and efficient application of organic fertilizers, and for sustainable utilization of soil and water resources.

Key words: organic fertilizer, quality, soil texture, soil fertility, soil microorganism

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