有机类肥料部分替代化肥影响新垦红壤生菜地产量因素的研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0257

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究有机类肥料部分替代化肥影响新垦红壤生菜地产量的因素,按照等量替代20%化肥氮的原则,设置不施肥(CK)、常规化肥(CF)、生物有机肥+80%化肥(B)、精制有机肥+80%化肥(O)、生物有机肥+精制有机肥+80%化肥(B+O)这5个处理,研究其对土壤理化性质、养分吸收量、产量及可持续性指数的影响,利用结构方程模型分析土壤有机质、养分供应与产量的关系,边界线法揭示影响生菜产量的主要因素。结果表明：B、B+O处理较CF处理显著增产28.8%、13.8%;B、O、B+O处理较CF处理氮、钾吸收量显著提高12.9%~29.0%、28.1%~40.6%,产量可持续性指数显著提高10.4%~23.8%,土壤有机质和团聚体显著增加27.0%~53.0%、25.0%~32.4%,容重显著降低7.2%~10.5%;而O、B+O处理较CF处理土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量无显著差异。结构方程模型分析表明,通过有机替代主要增加土壤有机质来改善土壤团聚体结构,保障土壤养分的供应,进而提高养分吸收量和产量。边界线分析得出当土壤养有机质为21.05 g/kg,碱解氮为88.07 mg/kg,有效磷为45.17 mg/kg,速效钾为210.51 mg/kg,边界产量达到最大,但是添加精制有机肥对土壤速效养分供应的影响不明显,故土壤有机质是限制边界产量提升的主要因素。本研究表明,生物有机肥替代20%氮肥可明显提高土壤有机质含量,保证土壤养分供应,促进生菜增产。

关键词: 有机肥, 新垦红壤, 产量, 结构方程模型, 边界线分析

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the effect of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer on the yield of lettuce in newly reclaimed red soil. According to the principle of equal replacement of 20% chemical fertilizer nitrogen, five treatments, including no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilizer (CF), biological organic fertilizer + 80% chemical fertilizer (B), refined organic fertilizer + 80% chemical fertilizer (O) and biological organic fertilizer + refined organic fertilizer + 80% chemical fertilizer (B + O), were set to study their effects on soil physical and chemical properties, and lettuce nutrient uptake, yield and sustainability index. Structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between soil organic matter and nutrient supply and yield. Boundary line method was used to reveal main factors affecting the yield of lettuce. The results showed that compared with CF, B and B+O treatment significantly increased the yield by 28.8% and 13.8%, respectively. Compared with CF, lettuce nitrogen and potassium uptake under B, O and B+O treatment significantly increased by 12.9%-29.0% and 28.1%-40.6%, yield sustainability index significantly increased by 10.4%-23.8%, soil organic matter and aggregates significantly increased by 27.0%-53.0% and 25.0%-32.4%, respectively. Soil bulk density significantly decreased by 7.2%-10.5%, the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium under O and B+O treatment were not significantly different from those under CF. Structural equation model analysis showed that organic fertilizer substitution mainly increased soil organic matter to improve the structure of soil aggregates and ensure the supply of soil nutrients, and then increased the lettuce nutrient absorption and yield. Boundary line analysis showed that the boundary yield reached the maximum when the soil organic matter was 21.05 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was 88.07 mg/kg, available phosphorus was 45.17 mg/kg, and available potassium was 210.51 mg/kg. However, the effect of the addition of refined organic fertilizer on soil available nutrient supply was not obvious. Therefore, soil organic matter is the main factor that limiting the boundary yield increase, the replacement of 20% nitrogen fertilizer by biological organic fertilizer could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, ensure the supply of soil nutrients, and promote the yield increase of lettuce.

Key words: organic fertilizer, newly cultivated red soil, yield, structural equation model, boundary line analysis

中图分类号:

张勇, 徐智, 高丽芳, 邓亚琴, 王瑞雪, 王宇蕴. 有机类肥料部分替代化肥影响新垦红壤生菜地产量因素的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(5): 79-85.

ZHANG Yong, XU Zhi, GAO Lifang, DENG Yaqin, WANG Ruixue, WANG Yuyun. Effects of Partial Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Fertilizer on Lettuce Yield in Newly Reclaimed Red Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(5): 79-85.

图/表 5

图1. 有机类肥料部分替代化肥对产量和养分吸收量的影响 CK,不施肥;CF,常规化肥;B,生物有机肥+80%化肥;O,精致有机肥+80%化肥;B+O,生物有机肥+精致有机肥+80%化肥。下同

图2. 有机类肥料部分替代化肥对产量可持续性指数的影响

处理	容重/(g/cm³)	团聚体/%	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解/(mg/kg)	有效/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
CK	1.50±0.06ab	45.45±2.40b	11.86±0.93c	49.13±2.56c	17.47±0.71c	72.80±13.56c
CF	1.52±0.07a	47.13± 1.45b	12.98±1.37bc	80.38±6.10b	30.83±1.53b	188.51±22.98b
B	1.37±0.01c	62.40± 4.04a	19.86±1.46a	89.76±3.94a	44.19±2.01a	203.86±9.00a
O	1.41±0.03bc	58.93± 4.65a	16.49±1.12a	83.51±2.16ab	33.77±1.22b	190.66±14.97ab
B+O	1.36±0.06c	60.93± 2.80a	18.16±1.92a	85.59±3.18ab	40.60±1.95ab	199.56±16.48ab

表1. 有机替代处理下的土壤理化性质

图3. 生菜产量影响因素的结构方程模型(SEM)分析实心箭头代表该路径显著,数字为路径系数,虚线表示不显著,“**”代表P<0.01,“*”代表P<0.05

图4. 生菜产量影响因素的产量差边界线分析

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