食葵氮磷钾肥对产量相关性状的影响及经济效益分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0796

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究氮、磷、钾肥对食葵产量及产量相关性状的影响,寻求最佳施肥量与经济效益之间的平衡点,采用“3414”设计通过3年田间试验,建立了氮、磷、钾肥与产量及产量相关性状的效应函数,结果显示：3种肥料对食葵产量影响排序为钾>氮>磷,对百粒重和单盘粒重影响排序均为钾>磷>氮,氮、磷、钾肥对产量、百粒重、单盘粒重的单因素效应均呈先升高后下降的趋势。两因素互作中,PK互作的产量最高。最高产量的施肥组合为氮肥61.5 kg/hm²、磷肥35.0 kg/hm²、钾肥50.1 kg/hm²、产量2309.0 kg/hm²,产投比13.8;最经济产量的施肥组合为氮肥57.5 kg/hm²、磷肥34.9 kg/hm²、钾肥47.9 kg/hm²、产量2307.8 kg/hm²,产投比14.3。最经济产量施肥量较少,肥料成本低,产值低,收入高,产投比高。

关键词: 食葵, 氮磷钾肥, 3414设计, 产量相关性状, 互作效应, 经济效益

Abstract:

To study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield and yield related traits of confectionary sunflower, and to find the balance between the optimal fertilizer application rate and economic benefits, the 3414 design was used for 3 years to establish the effect functions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield and related traits. The results showed that the effect order of the three fertilizers on sunflower yield was potassium > nitrogen > phosphorus. The effect order on 100-seed weight and single disk seed weight was potassium > phosphorus > nitrogen. All the single-factor effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield, 100-seed weight and single disk seed weight showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. Among the interaction effects of two factors, phosphorus-potassium interaction produced the highest yield. Fertilizer combination for the highest yield was nitrogen 61.5 kg/hm², phosphorus 35.0 kg/hm² and potassium 50.1 kg/hm², the yield was 2309.0 kg/hm², and the ratio of production to investment was 13.8. The fertilizer combination for the most economic yield was nitrogen 57.5 kg/hm², phosphorus 34.9 kg/hm², potassium 47.9 kg/hm², the yield was 2307.8 kg/hm², and the ratio of production to investment was 14.3. The most economic yield is with less fertilizer, low fertilizer cost, low output value, high income, and high production to investment ratio.

Key words: confectionary sunflower, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 3414 design, yield related traits, interaction effect, economic benefits

中图分类号:

S565.5

白苇, 胡杨, 李峰, 张宝英, 崔金丽, 杨素梅. 食葵氮磷钾肥对产量相关性状的影响及经济效益分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(26): 62-68.

BAI Wei, HU Yang, LI Feng, ZHANG Baoying, CUI Jinli, YANG Sumei. Effects of N, P and K Fertilizers on Yield Related Traits and Economic Benefits of Confectionary Sunflower[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(26): 62-68.

图/表 9

参考文献 20

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处理	N	P	K	氮肥施入量/(kg/hm²)	磷肥施入量/(kg/hm²)	钾肥施入量/(kg/hm²)
1	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	0	2	2	0	45	90
3	1	2	2	45	45	90
4	2	0	2	90	0	90
5	2	1	2	90	22.5	90
6	2	2	2	90	45	90
7	2	3	2	90	67.5	90
8	2	2	0	90	45	0
9	2	2	1	90	45	45
10	2	2	3	90	45	135
11	3	2	2	135	45	90
12	1	1	2	45	22.5	90
13	1	2	1	45	45	45
14	2	1	1	90	22.5	45

处理	N	P	K	氮肥施入量/(kg/hm²)	磷肥施入量/(kg/hm²)	钾肥施入量/(kg/hm²)
1	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	0	2	2	0	45	90
3	1	2	2	45	45	90
4	2	0	2	90	0	90
5	2	1	2	90	22.5	90
6	2	2	2	90	45	90
7	2	3	2	90	67.5	90
8	2	2	0	90	45	0
9	2	2	1	90	45	45
10	2	2	3	90	45	135
11	3	2	2	135	45	90
12	1	1	2	45	22.5	90
13	1	2	1	45	45	45
14	2	1	1	90	22.5	45

处理	产量/(kg/hm²)				百粒重/g				单盘粒重/g
处理	2013	2014	2015	平均	2013	2014	2015	平均	2013	2014	2015	平均
1	1282.5	1197.0	1031.9	1170.5gE	10.7	11.7	15.8	12.7bC	59.7	58.2	68.2	62.0gG
2	1591.2	1660.5	1782.0	1677.9deCD	19.5	18.2	16.7	18.1aA	102.4	85.3	89.5	92.4defCDEF
3	1855.2	1890.0	1999.5	1914.9cdBC	17.5	21.7	17.4	18.9aA	110.1	120.6	102.6	111.1bcdBCD
4	1837.5	1552.4	1732.5	1707.5deCD	19.9	16.7	15.9	17.5aAB	87.0	93.3	96.4	92.2defCDEF
5	2034.0	1954.5	2689.5	2226.0abAB	18.0	17.6	19.1	18.2aA	148.0	122.5	111.5	127.3abAB
6	2113.5	2463.9	2034.0	2203.8abAB	17.5	19.8	19.1	18.8aA	138.1	138.8	133.2	136.7aA
7	1548.6	1663.5	1732.5	1648.2defCD	17.3	19.7	16.6	17.9aA	91.4	71.2	75.9	79.5fgEFG
8	1551.0	1350.0	1521.6	1474.2efDE	13.2	13.3	14.5	13.7bBC	71.3	83.4	80.3	78.3fgFG
9	2253.0	2395.5	2363.0	2337.2aA	18.0	17.3	15.1	16.8aAB	107.7	97.0	109.8	104.8cdeBCDE
10	1332.0	1519.5	1315.5	1389.0fgDE	16.3	12.2	12.7	13.7bBC	108.5	75.0	81.4	88.3efDEF
11	2031.0	1803.0	1888.7	1907.6cdBC	15.4	18.5	16.8	16.9aAB	101.1	127.7	115.9	114.9bcABC
12	1882.5	2170.8	1947.0	2000.1bcABC	17.7	16.0	16.8	16.8aAB	135.0	130.7	117.2	127.6abAB
13	2311.5	2259.0	1929.8	2166.8abcAB	20.7	17.8	17.5	18.7aA	125.9	101.1	104.2	110.4bcdBCD
14	2136.8	1951.5	1890.0	1992.8bcABC	17.9	14.9	17.0	16.6aAB	133.3	128.4	103.4	121.7abcAB

处理	产量/(kg/hm²)				百粒重/g				单盘粒重/g
处理	2013	2014	2015	平均	2013	2014	2015	平均	2013	2014	2015	平均
1	1282.5	1197.0	1031.9	1170.5gE	10.7	11.7	15.8	12.7bC	59.7	58.2	68.2	62.0gG
2	1591.2	1660.5	1782.0	1677.9deCD	19.5	18.2	16.7	18.1aA	102.4	85.3	89.5	92.4defCDEF
3	1855.2	1890.0	1999.5	1914.9cdBC	17.5	21.7	17.4	18.9aA	110.1	120.6	102.6	111.1bcdBCD
4	1837.5	1552.4	1732.5	1707.5deCD	19.9	16.7	15.9	17.5aAB	87.0	93.3	96.4	92.2defCDEF
5	2034.0	1954.5	2689.5	2226.0abAB	18.0	17.6	19.1	18.2aA	148.0	122.5	111.5	127.3abAB
6	2113.5	2463.9	2034.0	2203.8abAB	17.5	19.8	19.1	18.8aA	138.1	138.8	133.2	136.7aA
7	1548.6	1663.5	1732.5	1648.2defCD	17.3	19.7	16.6	17.9aA	91.4	71.2	75.9	79.5fgEFG
8	1551.0	1350.0	1521.6	1474.2efDE	13.2	13.3	14.5	13.7bBC	71.3	83.4	80.3	78.3fgFG
9	2253.0	2395.5	2363.0	2337.2aA	18.0	17.3	15.1	16.8aAB	107.7	97.0	109.8	104.8cdeBCDE
10	1332.0	1519.5	1315.5	1389.0fgDE	16.3	12.2	12.7	13.7bBC	108.5	75.0	81.4	88.3efDEF
11	2031.0	1803.0	1888.7	1907.6cdBC	15.4	18.5	16.8	16.9aAB	101.1	127.7	115.9	114.9bcABC
12	1882.5	2170.8	1947.0	2000.1bcABC	17.7	16.0	16.8	16.8aAB	135.0	130.7	117.2	127.6abAB
13	2311.5	2259.0	1929.8	2166.8abcAB	20.7	17.8	17.5	18.7aA	125.9	101.1	104.2	110.4bcdBCD
14	2136.8	1951.5	1890.0	1992.8bcABC	17.9	14.9	17.0	16.6aAB	133.3	128.4	103.4	121.7abcAB

肥料	处理	产/(kg/hm²)	产值/(元/hm²)	增产率/%	肥料成本/(元/hm²)	收入/(元/hm²)	产投比
N	N0P2K2	1677.9	11745.3	—	481.5	11263.8	24.4
	N1P2K2	1914.9	13404.3	14.12	607.5	12796.8	22.1
	N2P2K2	2203.8	15426.6	31.34	733.5	14693.1	21.0
	N3P2K2	1907.6	13352.9	13.69	859.5	12493.4	15.5
P₂O₅	N2P0K2	1707.5	11952.2	—	630.0	11322.2	19.0
	N2P1K2	2226.0	15582.0	30.37	682.5	14899.5	22.8
	N2P2K2	2203.8	15426.6	29.07	733.5	14693.1	21.0
	N2P3K2	1648.2	11537.4	-3.47	786.0	10751.4	14.7
K₂O	N2P2K0	1474.2	10319.4	—	355.5	9963.9	29.0
	N2P2K1	2337.2	16360.1	58.54	544.5	15815.6	30.0
	N2P2K2	2203.8	15426.6	49.49	733.5	14693.1	21.0
	N2P2K3	1389.0	9723.0	-5.78	1111.5	8611.5	8.7