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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (22): 69-77.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600307

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机无机肥料氮结合的环境安全阈值

田昌玉1(), 唐继伟1, 李建华2, 赵秉强1, 徐久凯1, 林治安1()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081
    2山东省德州市陵城区农业农村局,山东德州 253500
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-20 修回日期:2019-11-13 出版日期:2020-08-05 发布日期:2020-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 林治安
  • 作者简介:田昌玉,男,1962年出生,山东成武人,副研究员,本科,主要从事施肥推荐研究。E-mail: tianchangyu@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家小麦产业技术体系德州综合试验站(CARS-03-2-25);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200402)

Combination of Organic Fertilizer N and Inorganic Fertilizer N: Environmental Safety Threshold

Tian Changyu1(), Tang Jiwei1, Li Jianhua2, Zhao Bingqiang1, Xu Jiukai1, Lin Zhi’an1()   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Regionalization, CAAS, Beijing 100081
    2The Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Lingcheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, Dezhou Shandong 253500
  • Received:2019-06-20 Revised:2019-11-13 Online:2020-08-05 Published:2020-07-22
  • Contact: Lin Zhi’an

摘要:

计算长期有机肥料氮和化肥氮结合,小麦玉米轮作制氮肥阈值,是小麦玉米轮作制氮肥管理、环境安全的重要技术指标。采用长期定位田间试验研究(2007—2017年)资料,试验结果分3个时间段,分别分析小麦玉米总产出效益的随时间变化规律,计算出最经济的有机肥料氮与化肥氮的氮肥阈值。结果表明:(1)牛粪氮与化肥氮结合施肥,第7~10年的平均产量结果能代表有机肥料和化肥结合的产量效果;(2)有机肥料氮与化肥氮结合能增加氮肥阈值;(3)有机肥料氮最佳施肥量决定于有机肥料氮的价格,有机肥料氮与化肥氮等价条件下,有机肥料氮与化肥氮施氮量各占50%经济效益最佳。长期试验结果表明,有机肥料氮(牛粪)的肥效在试验初期不能充分体现,只有7年后才能显现有机肥料氮与化肥氮结合效果,有机肥料氮与化肥氮结合施肥能增加氮肥阈值。

关键词: 有机肥料氮, 化肥氮, 氮肥阈值, 长期定位试验, 环境, 经济效益

Abstract:

It is an important technical index for N management and environmental safety to calculate the threshold value of the combination of long-term organic fertilizer N and chemical fertilizer N with wheat-corn rotation. Based on the data of long-term positioning field experiments (2007-2017), we analyzed the change law of total output benefits of wheat and corn with time (the experiments’ results were divided into 3 periods), and calculated the most economical organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer N and the N threshold. The results showed that: (1) the average yield results of the 7th to 10th year could represented the yield effects of the combination of organic fertilizer and fertilizer; (2) the combination of organic fertilizer N and fertilizer N could increase the threshold of fertilizers N; (3) the optimal fertilizer application amount of organic fertilizer N was determined by the price of organic fertilizer N, the best economic N application under the equivalent conditions of organic fertilizer N and fertilizer N was when the best efficiency of the organic fertilizer N and fertilizer N each was 50%. In conclusion, the organic fertilizer N applied (cow) at the beginning of the test do not fully reflect the fertilizer efficiency; only 7 years later, it could show the combination effect of organic fertilizer N and fertilizer N; the organic fertilizer N combined with chemical fertilizer N could increase the threshold of N.

Key words: organic fertilizer N, chemical fertilizer N, threshold value of N fertilizer, long-term positioning test, environment, economic benefits

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