关键词: 生态环境敏感性, 土壤侵蚀, 土壤沙化, 人为干扰, 煤田, 山西

Abstract:

As a typical human disturbed ecosystem, coal field not only plays an important role in promoting economic development, but also provides strong support for maintaining the stability of ecosystem. Evaluation of ecological environment sensitivity in coal field is one of the main ways to realize the regional control of coal field. Taking six coal fields in Shanxi Province as examples, this paper adopted GIS spatial analysis technology to select indexes from topographical and geological conditions, habitat, water resources environment, human disturbance and other aspects, and constructed the evaluation index system and evaluation model of ecological sensitivity of coal fields. Based on the three factors of soil erosion sensitivity, soil desertification sensitivity and human disturbance in the six coal fields, the ecological environment sensitivity level evaluation and spatial distribution characteristics analysis were carried out. The results showed that: (1) among the soil erosion sensitivity of the six major coal fields, the proportion of the four grades of insensitivity, mild sensitivity, moderate sensitivity and severe sensitivity was: 18.7%, 43.4%, 25.6% and 12.3%, respectively; the high sensitivity of soil erosion was caused by sandy soil and silt soil, relatively concentrated precipitation, large topographic relief and strong hydraulic erosion; (2) the sensitive areas of moderate and severe land desertification accounted for 10.4% and 3.8%, which were mainly caused by perennial gale in winter and spring, low precipitation, dry surface, mostly sandy soil texture and low vegetation coverage; (3) the proportion of mild, severe and complete disturbance areas in the coal field environment was 36.4%, 38.2% and 11.1% respectively; the degree of human disturbance in the northern part of Ningwu coal field, the southeastern part of Qinshui coal field and the southern part of Datong coal field showed complete human disturbance type, and the disturbance landscape types were urban and rural construction land, industrial and mining land, and other construction land, which were mainly distributed in the city and its surrounding areas; (4) the areas with mild, moderate and severe comprehensive eco-environmental sensitivity accounted for 20.3%, 36.4% and 11.1% of the total study area respectively, and the areas with non-sensitivity accounted for 20.3%, and the areas with high sensitivity were mainly distributed in the north of Ningwu coal field, the southeast of Datong coal field, the north and northeast of Qinshui coal field. The research results could provide data support and a scientific basis for the development and utilization of mining area and ecological protection.

Key words: eco-environment sensitivity, soil erosion, soil desertification, human disturbance, coal field, Shanxi