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中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 84-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080055

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西省主要粮食作物节肥增产潜力研究

王永亮,王琦,杨治平,郭军玲,郭彩霞,张建杰.   

  1. 山西省农业科学院 农业环境与资源研究所,山西省农业科学院 农业环境与资源研究所,山西省农业科学院 农业环境与资源研究所,山西省农业科学院 农业环境与资源研究所,山西省农业科学院 农业环境与资源研究所,山西省农业科学院 农业环境与资源研究所;土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-12 修回日期:2017-03-05 接受日期:2016-09-22 出版日期:2017-03-17 发布日期:2017-03-17
  • 通讯作者: 杨治平
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科技攻关项目“春玉米密植高产条件下抗倒防衰机制及途径研究”(20140311002-3);国家国际科技合作专项项目“内陆盐碱土改良 利用调控机理与技术合作研究”(2015DFA90990);山西省农业科学院博士基金项目“高氮型玉米缓释专用肥的研制与应用”(YBSJJ1309);山西省农业 科学院博士基金项目“基于GIS 平台的区域配方肥研制”(YBSJJ1310);山西省国际科技合作项目“中美合作基于GIS 的区域化玉米专用肥研制与应 用”(2014081036)。

Fertilizer-saving and Yield-increase Potential of Main Grain Crops in Shanxi Province

  • Received:2016-08-12 Revised:2017-03-05 Accepted:2016-09-22 Online:2017-03-17 Published:2017-03-17

摘要: 系统总结了2004—2013 年山西省10 年间主要粮食作物(春玉米、夏玉米、冬小麦)的播种面积、产量、肥料用量、养分效率的变化趋势,并分析了作物的节肥潜力。结果显示:2013 年比2004 年粮食作物播种面积增加了11.9%,总产量增加了23.6%,肥料用量同步增长了29.5%。粮食总产的增加主要源于玉米面积和产量的贡献,十年间玉米面积增加了48.4%,总产量增加了51.2%,而粮食单产却徘徊不前。对目前山西省粮食生产肥料偏生产力、节肥潜力等指标分析得出,在稳定钾肥施用前提下,玉米小麦生产能够节肥17 万t,节肥潜力达22%;在节肥20%前提下,应用高产高效技术,山西能够同时实现粮食增产20%和氮肥偏生产力提高10%以上的目标,使山西省粮食生产达到节肥绿色增产的效果。

关键词: 农田防护林, 农田防护林, 防风固沙, 服务功能, 价值核算, 新疆

Abstract: The planting area, productive yield, fertilizer usage and nutrient efficiency trend in main grain crops (Spring maize,summer maize and winter wheat) growth between 2004 and 2013 in ShanXi was summarized in this paper, and the potential of crop fertilizer was analyzed. Results show that compared to in 2004, in 2013 the grain crops sown area increased by 48.4%, the total grain production increased by 23.6%, the amount of fertilizer usage increased by 29.5% at the mine time, simultaneous growth of the total grain yield increase is mainly contributed by growth of maize’s planting area and yield. Over the 10 years, corn acreage increased by 48.4%, and total yield increased by 51.2%. However, the grain yield stagnated. Through analyzing the production rate of fertilizer, fertilizer-saving rate and other potential indicators in the grain production in Shanxi, it was shown that, with premise of the stability of potassium fertilizer application in maize and wheat production, 17 million tons fertilizer usage can be reduced, fertilizer saving potential can reach to 22%. Under the condition of saving 20% fertilizer, and with high yield and high efficiency technology applied, the goal of grain yield increases by 20% and nitrogen fertilizer production increases by 10% can be achieved. This can make grain production in Shanxi green and more productive.

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