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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (32): 82-87.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200985

所属专题: 棉花

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆滴灌棉田深松后土壤理化性质及产量的变化特征

马君1(), 崔建平1, 金亮2, 徐海江1, 林涛1, 王亮1,2, 师维军1, 郭仁松1()   

  1. 1新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
    2新疆农业科学院库车陆地棉试验站,新疆库车 842000
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-23 修回日期:2020-02-12 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-19
  • 通讯作者: 郭仁松
  • 作者简介:马君,男,1983年出生,甘肃武威人,副研究员,本科,主要从事棉花遗传育种及栽培方面的研究。通信地址:830091 新疆乌鲁木齐市南昌路403号,Tel:0991-4504151,E-mail:xj. majun@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    自治区青年科学基金“深松对连作棉田土壤特性及棉花根系生长与产量的影响”(2016D01B030)

Variation Characteristics of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Yield After Subsoiling in Drip Irrigated Cotton Fields in Xinjiang

Ma Jun1(), Cui Jianping1, Jin Liang2, Xu Haijiang1, Lin Tao1, Wang Liang1,2, Shi Weijun1, Guo Rensong1()   

  1. 1Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Tillage of Desert Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091
    2Upland Cotton Experimental Station of Kuqa, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kuqa Xinjiang 842000
  • Received:2019-12-23 Revised:2020-02-12 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2020-11-19
  • Contact: Guo Rensong

摘要:

为探讨深松对新疆绿洲棉田土壤理化性质及产量的影响。以不深松棉田为对照(CK),设置深松深度30 (S30)、40 (S40)、50 (S50) 3个处理,于2017年和2018年进行田间试验。结果表明:与CK相比,深松能有效降低耕层土壤容重和土壤紧实度,增加土壤总孔隙度,且深松后第一年差异显著。2017年0~20 cm土层S30、S40、S50较CK土壤容重降低了1.7%、7.0%、9.7%,土壤紧实度降低了36.1%、5.8%、21.1%,土壤总孔隙度增加2.2%、9%、12.4%。深松能提高耕层土壤含水量和土壤蓄水量。2017年0~20 cm土层S40较CK土壤含水量提高18.7%,土壤蓄水量提高10.5%,而S30、S50与CK差异不显著。深松能增加耕层土壤有机质、土壤速效磷含量,而土壤速效氮含量在深松后第一年较CK增加,2018年则减小,土壤速效钾含量变化与之相反,以深松40 cm效果最佳。深松能显著降低土壤含盐量,2年平均土壤含盐量S30、S40、S50比CK降低21.6%、33.3%、49.6%。深松有利于子棉产量增加,其中S40子棉产量较CK增产幅度最大,2年分别增加15.4%、9.7%。新疆绿洲棉田深松40 cm时,可有效改善土壤理化性质,棉花产量显著提高。

关键词: 深松, 土壤理化性质, 棉花, 产量, 新疆

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of subsoiling on soil physical and chemical properties and yield of cotton field in oasis of Xinjiang, three treatments of 30 (S30), 40 (S40) and 50 (S50) of subsoiling were set in 2017 and 2018, and non-subsoiling was taken as control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, the subsoiling could effectively reduce surface soil bulk density and soil compactness, and increase soil total porosity, and the difference was significant in the first year after the subsoiling. In 0-20 cm soil layer, compared with CK, the bulk density of S30, S40 and S50 decreased by 1.7%, 7.0% and 9.7%, respectively, and the soil compactness decreased by 36.1%, 5.8% and 21.1%, respectively, and the total porosity of soil increased by 2.2%, 9% and 12.4%, respectively in 2017. The subsoiling could improve soil moisture content and soil water storage capacity. In 0-20 cm soil layer, compared with that of CK, the soil water content of S40 increased by 18.7%, the soil water storage capacity increased by 10.5%, while the differences between S30, S50 and CK were not significant in 2017. The subsoiling could increase the content of organic matter and available phosphorus in the surface soil, while the content of available nitrogen in the soil increased in the first year (2017) after the subsoiling compared with CK, then decreased in the second year (2018), the change of available potassium in the soil showed an opposite trend, and 40 cm subsoiling had the best effect. The subsoiling significantly reduced soil salt content, and the average soil salt content of S30, S40 and S50 decreased by 21.6%, 33.3% and 49.6% compared with CK in two years. The subsoiling was beneficial to increase the yield of seed cotton, among the treatments, the yield of seed cotton in S40 increased the most compared with CK, by 15.4% and 9.7% respectively. Subsoiling the cotton field in Xinjiang oasis for 40 cm could improve the soil physical and chemical properties effectively, and increase the cotton yield significantly.

Key words: subsoiling, soil physical and chemical properties, cotton, yield, Xinjiang

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