关键词: 脱贫, 女性就业, 弹性就业, 脆弱性, 生计资产, 可持续诉求, 新疆喀什

Abstract:

Promoting female’s employment out of poverty is of great significance for enhancing female’s self-development capability and promoting sustainable development of family. In this paper, the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) evaluation method and sustainable livelihood framework were used to conduct field research in southern Xinjiang, and the sample townships in Kashgar that just overcome poverty in 2020 were selected to conduct a sample survey. The article classified and identified ethnic minority female’s vulnerability and poverty from personal endowment, family characteristics and social security and then established a sustainable livelihood assets evaluation system for measuring their sustainable livelihood assets, comparatively analyzed the stability of livelihood assets difference, and then explored the benefits of flexible employment for ethnic minority women in poverty areas and their sustainable livelihood requirements. The results show that (1) personal resource endowments, family environment and social security factors could all generate vulnerability to poverty risk, but the rural female’s willingness to flexible employment is actually strong; (2) rural female’s flexible employment livelihood asset index level is generally low in the study areas, and its internal difference is large; (3) based on the asset index and vulnerability characteristics, Shache and Yecheng County could be defined as areas with fragile personal endowments and family environments; Yingjisha and Jiashi County could be defined as areas with fragile family environment and social security. Therefore, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to optimize female livelihood assets allocation and keep sustainable development of employment out of poverty.

Key words: overcome poverty, female employment, flexible employment, vulnerability, livelihoods asset, sustainable requests, Kashgar