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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (18): 113-121.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0812

所属专题: 生物技术 水稻 棉花 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆棉花物候期对气候变化的响应及敏感性分析

郭燕云(), 王雪姣(), 王森, 火勋国, 胡启瑞, 吉春容   

  1. 新疆兴农网信息中心/新疆维吾尔自治区农业气象台,乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-24 修回日期:2021-12-05 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 王雪姣
  • 作者简介:郭燕云,女,1985年生,新疆乌鲁木齐人,工程师,硕士研究生,研究方向:气候变化影响及农牧业气象灾害。通信地址:830002 新疆乌鲁木齐市天山区建国路327号,Tel:0991-2641852,E-mail: yanyunguo201049@sina.cn
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“机采棉模式下北疆棉区延迟型冷害灾损评估方法研究”(2019D01B48);国家自然科学基金“滴灌模式下绿洲棉田干旱发生与致灾解除过程特征及其临界条件研究”(41975146);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金“基于多参数的棉花干旱胁迫光谱诊断模型研究”(Sqj2020005);新疆维吾尔自治区科协科技咨询项目“北疆棉花生产气象灾害风险转移途径及对策研究”(xjkx-2021-006)

Cotton Phenology in Xinjiang: The Response to Climate Change and Sensitivity Analysis

GUO Yanyun(), WANG Xuejiao(), WANG Sen, HUO Xunguo, HU Qirui, JI Chunrong   

  1. Information Centre of Xinjiang Xingnong-Net/Xinjiang Agro-meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002
  • Received:2021-08-24 Revised:2021-12-05 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-07-14
  • Contact: WANG Xuejiao

摘要:

为了研究气候变化背景下棉花物候的变化规律,对棉花生长模型COSIM进行参数调校,验证实现本地化,利用数理统计及作物模型模拟的方法,分析了棉花物候期对气候变化的响应及其敏感性。结果表明:1980—2019年,新疆棉区棉花出苗期、现蕾期、开花期分别提前0.5~7.0 d/10a、0.1~5.8 d/10a、0.3~3.9 d/10a,吐絮期推迟0.1~4.7 d/10a。COSIM模型模拟棉花物候变化趋势结果与实际较一致,出苗期、现蕾期、开花期、吐絮期实际值与模拟值的RMSE分别为0.9、0.7、0.6、0.7天。以1981—2010年气候条件为基准,增温0.5℃、1℃、1.5℃、2℃,各棉区棉花出苗期、现蕾期、开花期和吐絮期分别提前0~2天、1~9天、2~12天和3~31天,营养生长、生殖生长分别缩短0~6天、2~22天。在气候变暖的趋势下,通过选择生育期较长的品种、调整播期等措施,可充分利用热量资源,实现棉花优质高产。

关键词: 棉花, 气候变化, 物候, COSIM模型, 新疆

Abstract:

In order to investigate the change rule of cotton phenology under the background of climate change, the parameters of the cotton growth model COSIM were adjusted and verified to achieve localization. Using mathematical statistics and crop model simulation methods, the response and sensitivity of cotton phenological periods to climate change were analyzed. The results showed that from 1980 to 2019, the date of emergence, budding and flowering of cotton in Xinjiang were earlier by 0.5-7.0 d/10a, 0.1-5.8 d/10a, and 0.3-3.9 d/10a, respectively, and the date of boll opening was delayed by 0.1-4.7 d/10a. COSIM was used to simulate phenological changes of cotton, and the results were consistent with the actual changes. The RMSE of the actual and simulated values of the date of emergence, budding, flowering and boll opening was 0.9 d, 0.7 d, 0.6 d and 0.7 d, respectively. Under warmer climate (simulated warming 0.5℃, 1℃, 1.5℃ and 2℃ compared with the base climate condition of 1981—2010), the rate of growth and development of cotton increased and each phenological period became earlier. The date of emergence, budding, flowering and boll opening were earlier by 0-2 d, 1-9 d, 2-12 d and 3-31 d, respectively; the vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage were shortened by 0-6 d and 2-22 d, respectively. Therefore, through variety selection and technology adjustment, climate warming can give more potential productivity to cotton by utilizing the advantage of heat and avoiding disaster risk in the key phenological periods, in order to achieve high yield and efficiency of cotton production.

Key words: cotton, climate change, phenology, COSIM model, Xinjiang

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