欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (15): 92-98.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0401

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机无机肥配施对水稻产量、氮吸收利用和根系形态的影响

梅婷婷1(), 王小利1(), 段建军2, 杨宏伟1, 徐彬1, 蒙婼熙1, 张利武3   

  1. 1 贵州大学农学院，贵阳 550025
    2 贵州大学烟草学院/贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室，贵阳 550025
    3 阳煤纳谷（山西）节能服务有限责任公司，山西阳泉 045000
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-11 修回日期:2022-08-01 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 王小利，女，1979年出生，山西柳林人，博士，教授，主要从事植物营养学研究。通信地址：550025 贵州贵阳花溪区 贵州大学农学院，Tel：0851-3859044，E-mail：xlwang@gzu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    梅婷婷，女，1996年出生，贵州贞丰人，硕士研究生，主要从事水稻营养与施肥研究。通信地址：550025 贵州贵阳花溪区 贵州大学农学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点专项部省联动计划课题“贵州高原坡耕地和中低产田产能提升综合技术集成与示范应用(2022YFD1901500); 国家重点专项部省联动计划课题“贵州高原坡耕地和中低产田产能提升综合技术集成与示范应用(2022YFD1901505); 国家自然科学基金项目“外源碳和钙对喀斯特区土壤有机碳积累及其对温度的响应机制”(31860160); 贵州大学培育项目“氮肥减量配施生物炭对土壤有机碳稳定的影响”(贵大培育[2019]12号)

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Root Morphology

MEI Tingting1(), WANG Xiaoli1(), DUAN Jianjun2, YANG Hongwei1, XU Bin1, MENG Ruoxi1, ZHANG Liwu3   

  1. 1 Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025
    2 Tobacco College of Guizhou University/Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang 550025
    3 Yangmeinagu (Shanxi) Energy Saving Service Co., LTD., Yangquan, Shanxi 045000
  • Received:2022-05-11 Revised:2022-08-01 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-05-22

RichHTML

1

PDF (PC)

29

摘要：

为解决化肥过量施用造成的资源浪费、环境污染和影响农业可持续发展的问题。本研究采用大田试验，设置PK（只施磷钾肥，对照）、NPK（常规施肥）、1/2NPKM（化肥减施50%配施有机肥）和M（单施有机肥）共4个处理，研究有机无机肥配施对水稻产量、氮肥利用率和根系形态的影响。结果表明：NPK处理和1/2NPKM处理比PK处理分别显著增产29.53%和27.58%，比M处理分别显著增产22.11%和20.28%；与PK处理相比，NPK处理水稻株高和穗长显著增加13.85%和8.17%，NPK处理和1/2NPKM处理有效穗数显著增加37.19%和26.18%，千粒重以M处理最高。各处理水稻干物质积累量和氮积累量均随生育期进行而增加，与M处理相比，1/2NPKM处理分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期水稻干物质积累量依次显著增加36.34%、31.85%和22.50%，氮积累量依次显著增加68.24%、73.82%和46.67%，1/2NPKM处理分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期氮肥利用率是M处理的6.74、5.01、8.61倍。不同施肥处理对水稻根系形态有显著影响，其中分蘖期1/2NPKM处理根长、根表面积和根体积较M处理依次显著增加62.79%、51.92%、57.28%，抽穗期根体积显著增加18.52%，成熟期根长和根表面积显著下降29.93%和18.70%。综上，化肥减施50%配施有机肥处理较单施氮磷钾处理虽然保证水稻产量，但降低了氮肥利用率和水稻根系生长。本研究结果对贵州黄壤稻田化肥合理减施配施有机肥具有指导意义。

关键词: 有机无机肥配施, 水稻产量, 氮肥利用率, 水稻根系, 黄壤

Abstract:

To solve the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and promote the sustainable agricultural development, a field experiment was conducted. Four treatments were set as PK (P and K fertilizers only, control), NPK (conventional fertilization), 1/2NPKM (50% fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application) and M (organic fertilizer alone), to study the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and rice root morphology. The results showed that the yield of treatment NPK and 1/2NPKM were significantly increased by 29.53% and 27.58% compared with that of treatment PK, and by 22.11% and 20.28% compared with that of treatment M, respectively. Compared with treatment PK, treatment NPK significantly increased plant height and panicle length by 13.85% and 8.17% respectively, treatment NPK and treatment 1/2NPKM significantly increased the effective panicle number by 37.19% and 26.18% respectively, and treatment M had the highest 1000-grain weight. The accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in each treatment increased with the growth period. Compared with the treatment M, treatment 1/2NPKM significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of rice at tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage by 36.34%, 31.85% and 22.50% respectively, and increased the nitrogen accumulation of rice by 68.24%, 73.82% and 46.67% respectively. The N utilization rate of treatment 1/2NPKM was 6.74, 5.01 and 8.61 times that of treatment M at tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage. Different fertilization treatments had significant impact on rice morphology. Compared with treatment M, treatment 1/2NPKM significantly increased the root length, root surface area and root volume of at tillering stage by 62.79%, 51.92% and 57.28%, respectively, increased the root volume at heading stage by 18.52%, and significantly decreased the root length and root surface area at maturity stage by 29.93% and 18.70%, respectively. In conclusion, compared with treatment NPK, 50% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer ensured rice yield, but reduced nitrogen use efficiency and root growth. The results of this study have certain guiding significance for rational chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application in yellow soil paddy fields of Guizhou Province.

Key words: combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, rice root, yellow soil