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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 93-97.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010134

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥利用率的研究进展

王响玲, 宋柏权()   

  1. 黑龙江大学/黑龙江大学生命科学学院黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室/黑龙江省普通高等学校甜菜遗传育种重点实验室/黑龙江省甜菜工程技术研究中心,哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-27 修回日期:2019-03-13 出版日期:2020-02-15 发布日期:2020-02-21
  • 通讯作者: 宋柏权
  • 作者简介:王响玲,女,1996年出生,黑龙江桦南人,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物生态。通信地址:150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大学农学楼305,E-mail:wangxiangling995@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家糖料产业技术体系“甜菜养分管理与土壤肥料岗位专项基金”(CARS-170204);黑龙江省“三区”人才项目

Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency: Research Progress

Wang Xiangling, Song Baiquan()   

  1. Heilongjiang University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University/Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, Heilongjiang Province Common College/Sugar Beet Engineering Research Center of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150080
  • Received:2019-01-27 Revised:2019-03-13 Online:2020-02-15 Published:2020-02-21
  • Contact: Song Baiquan

摘要:

旨在为提高作物的氮肥利用率、减少资源浪费、降低环境污染和提高作物产量提供科学依据。文章回顾了国内外近年来氮肥利用率的研究成果,从氮肥利用率的研究方法及影响因素等方面分析了氮肥利用率的研究历史、现状和存在问题。归纳得出中国氮肥利用率较低,施肥缺乏科学性,具体表现为氮肥施用量过大、氮肥挥发及硝化反硝化损失严重、施肥时期及施用量与作物氮素吸收规律不协调、肥料品种较单一等。建议结合测土配方施肥、实时监控管理等技术,合理地确定氮肥种类、用量、施用方式及时期,加强新型肥料及肥料增效剂等新技术的研发和推广,并注重作物氮高效品种资源的挖掘和应用,进而从土壤、肥料、品种、管理方式等多方面提高氮肥利用率。

关键词: 氮肥利用率, 影响因素, 提高途径, 氮肥用量, 土壤养分

Abstract:

The aim is to provide a scientific basis for improving crop nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, reducing resource waste, decreasing environmental pollution and increasing crop yield. This study reviews the research results of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in recent years at home and abroad, and analyzes the research history, current status and existing problems of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency from the research methods and the influencing factors of nitrogen use efficiency. It is concluded that the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in China was low, and lack of scientific in fertilization, such as the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, the serious nitrogen fertilizer volatilization and nitrification and denitrification loss, the inconsistent fertilization period and application rate with the nitrogen absorption rule of crops, and the comparatively simple fertilizer varieties and so on. It is recommended to combine the formula fertilization by soil testing, real-time supervision to reasonably determine the type, amount, application methods and fertilizing period, strengthen development and extension of new technologies such as new type of fertilizer and fertilizer synergists, and highlight the mining and application of crop nitrogen efficient variety resources, thus to improve nitrogen use efficiency from various aspects such as soil, fertilizer, variety and management methods.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, influencing factors, improving ways, nitrogen amount, soil nutrient

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