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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (27): 65-69.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0767

所属专题： 水稻

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植翻压紫云英配施化肥对稻田土壤理化性状和水稻产量的影响

聂良鹏1(), 郭利伟1, 郑春风2, 吕玉虎1, 张梦2, 李本银2, 潘兹亮1, 李杰1()   

  1. 1信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳 464000
    2河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-08 修回日期:2021-03-10 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 李杰
  • 作者简介:聂良鹏,男,1988年出生,河南信阳人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事土壤肥料研究。通信地址：464000 河南省信阳市浉河区河南路20号 信阳市农业科学院,Tel：0376-6690338,E-mail： nieliangpeng@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助“北方水稻化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD0200200);国家绿肥产业技术体系“信阳综合试验站”(CARS-22)

Planting and Incorporation of Chinese Milk Vetch Coupled with Chemical Fertilizer Application: Effects on the Physical and Chemical Characters of Paddy Soil and Rice Yield

Nie Liangpeng1(), Guo Liwei1, Zheng Chunfeng2, Lv Yuhu1, Zhang Meng2, Li Benyin2, Pan Ziliang1, Li Jie1()   

  1. 1Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang Henan 464000
    2Institute of Plant Nutrition Agricultural Resource and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
  • Received:2020-12-08 Revised:2021-03-10 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-28
  • Contact: Li Jie

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摘要：

为探讨稻田在翻压等量紫云英作绿肥的情况下化肥减量施用对土壤可持续生产能力的影响,依托长期种植紫云英定位试验,以不施肥(CK)为对照,研究化肥(100%F)、紫云英配施100%、80%、60%和40%化肥(MV+100%F、MV+80%F、MV+60%F、MV+40%F)对水稻收获期土壤容重、土壤总孔隙度、土壤毛管孔隙度、土壤养分、水稻产量及产量性状的影响。结果表明：与对照不施肥相比,紫云英配施减量化肥能显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤总孔隙度;紫云英配施化肥可显著提高土壤毛管孔隙度。翻压紫云英可以替代20%~40%氮肥;与单施化肥(100%F)和紫云英配施化肥(MV+100%F)相比,紫云英配施减量20%~60%化肥可显著降低土壤有效磷含量;与对照不施肥相比,紫云英配施化肥可显著降低土壤速效钾含量,降幅为5.5%~17.8%,并可显著提高土壤有机质含量,增幅为15.0%~26.0%。单施化肥(100%F)、紫云英配施100%、80%、60%和40%化肥水稻产量较对照不施肥提高30.0%~39.6%,以紫云英配施80%化肥水稻产量最高。紫云英配施减量20%~40%化肥水稻产量较配施化肥100%增加2.7%~7.1%。分析产量主要构成发现,紫云英配施化肥主要是通过增加有效穗来提高产量。综合考虑土壤理化性状、水稻产量等水稻可持续发展因素,豫南稻区紫云英翻压量22500 kg/hm2时,化肥减施20%~40%均可在此地推广,以化肥减施20%为最优。

关键词: 紫云英, 土壤容重, 土壤孔隙度, 土壤养分, 水稻产量

Abstract:

Based on a 10-year field experiment on planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch coupled with the application of chemical fertilizer in Xinyang, Henan, six treatments (no fertilizer, 100% fertilizer, Chinese milk vetch with 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% chemical fertilizer) were set up. Soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil nutrients, rice yield and yield traits were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, the same amount of planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and fertilizer reduction could significantly reduce soil bulk density and improve soil total porosity. The total porosity of soil could be significantly improved by applying chemical fertilizer and planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch. It could replace 20%-40% nitrogenous fertilizer by planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch. Compared with the single fertilizer application (100%F) and the combined fertilizer application with Chinese milk vetch (MV+100%F), planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and fertilizer reduction 20%-60% could significantly reduce the available P content of the soil. Compared with CK, the content of available K in soil was significantly reduced by 5.5%-17.8% and the content of soil organic matter could be significantly increased by 15.0%-26.0%. Compared with CK, fertilization treatment could increase the yield by 30.0%-39.6%. The yield of rice was the highest by planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and fertilizer reduction 20%. Compared with 100%F, the yield of rice increased by 2.7% to 7.1% under Chinese milk vetch with 80%, 60% chemical fertilizer. The main way to increase the yield is to increase the effective spike. Considering soil physical and chemical properties, rice yield and other factors of sustainable development of rice, the planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch in southern Henan rice area is 22500 kg/hm2, the fertilizer reduction of 20%-40% could be promoted, and the best fertilizer reduction is 20%.

Key words: Chinese milk vetch, soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil nutrients, rice yield

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