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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (14): 65-71.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0573

所属专题： 生物技术； 烟草种植与生产

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

烟草残茬还田腐解特征及对土壤养分与烟碱的影响

陈金1,2(), 王新月2, 谢鹏飞3, 张庆富1, 杨柳1, 陈治锋3, 裴晓东3, 黄杰2, 邓永晟2, 邓小华2()   

  1. 1长沙市烟草公司宁乡市分公司,湖南宁乡 410600
    2湖南农业大学农学院,长沙 410128
    3湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司,长沙 410011
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-28 修回日期:2021-08-15 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-06-07
  • 通讯作者: 邓小华
  • 作者简介:陈金,男,1987年出生,湖南东安人,农艺师,博士在读,研究方向：烟草栽培与调制。通信地址：410000 湖南省长沙市雨花区劳动东路359号,E-mail： 345781640@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司科技项目“烟草残茬影响水稻和稻田环境的机理及利用方式研究”(CYKJ2018-01)

Tobacco Residues Returning to Field: Decomposition Characteristics and Effects on Soil Nutrients and Nicotine

CHEN Jin1,2(), WANG Xinyue2, XIE Pengfei3, ZHANG Qingfu1, YANG Liu1, CHEN Zhifeng3, PEI Xiaodong3, HUANG Jie2, DENG Yongsheng2, DENG Xiaohua2()   

  1. 1Ningxiang Branch of Changsha Tobacco Company, Ningxiang, Hunan 410600
    2College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
    3Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha 410011
  • Received:2021-05-28 Revised:2021-08-15 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-06-07
  • Contact: DENG Xiaohua

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摘要：

为明确烟草残茬还田的腐解特征及对土壤和水稻中烟碱含量的影响,采用模拟试验,研究了烟茎和烟根还田后的腐解特征,以及土壤pH、有机质、养分、烟碱的动态变化。结果表明：（1）烟根和烟茎的腐解速率及养分的释放均表现为前期快后期慢,各养分累积释放率依次为钾>磷>氮。烟根的腐解速率及养分释放慢于烟茎,还田120天,烟根累积腐解率为45.02%,烟茎为53.82%。（2）烟茎和烟根还田能提高土壤有机质含量9.35%~39.87%,前期会导致土壤pH降低,但90天后会提高土壤pH。（3）烟草残茬的烟碱释放快,还田后的前5天,烟碱释放约50%,40天后,烟草残茬中烟碱基本释放完毕。烟根的烟碱释放要快于烟茎,还田后30天,烟根的烟碱累计释放率为96.95%,烟茎的烟碱累计释放率为94.03%。至第90天各处理土壤的烟碱含量为0 μg/g。水稻植株在前期会吸收微量的烟碱,至还田20天后,水稻植株中烟碱含量为0 μg/g。综合而言,烟草残茬还田能提高土壤养分,且还田后期土壤与水稻中不会有烟碱残留。

关键词: 烟草残茬, 腐解速率, 氮磷钾养分释放, 稻田土壤, 土壤养分, 烟碱

Abstract:

To clarify the decomposition characteristics of tobacco residues returning to field and the effect on the nicotine content in soil and rice plants, pot experiments were used to study the decomposition characteristics of tobacco stems and roots, and the dynamic changes of soil pH, organic matter and nutrients and nicotine. The results showed that: (1) the decomposing rate and nutrient release of tobacco roots and stems were both fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage, the cumulative release rate of each nutrient was nitrogen (N) > phosphorous (P)> potassium (K), the decomposing rate and nutrient release of tobacco roots were both slower than those of tobacco stems; after tobacco residues returning to field for 120 days, the cumulative decomposing rate of tobacco roots and stems was 45.02% and 53.82%, respectively; (2) returning tobacco stems and roots to field could increase the soil organic matter content by 9.35%-39.87%, the soil pH would decrease at the beginning, but increase after 90 days; (3) nicotine was released fast from tobacco residues, after tobacco residues returning to field for 5 days, about 50% of nicotine was released, and the nicotine in the tobacco residues was basically released after 40 days; nicotine from tobacco roots was released faster than that of tobacco stems, after 30 days, the cumulative nicotine release rate of tobacco roots and stems was 96.95% and 94.03%, respectively, and the nicotine content of each treatment soil was 0 μg/g after 90 days; rice plants absorbed trace amount of nicotine in the early stage, but the content of nicotine in the rice plants was 0 μg/g after 20 days. Overall, returning tobacco residues to field could improve soil nutrients, and there will be no nicotine residue in soil and rice plants in the later stage.

Key words: tobacco residues, decomposition rate, NPK nutrient release, paddy soil, soil nutrient, nicotine

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