欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (30): 49-54.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000747

所属专题: 水稻

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

绿肥紫云英对稻田土壤系统氮素平衡的影响综述

王赢1,2(), 罗琦1, 吕新新1, 唐杉2, 周楠楠1()   

  1. 1安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院安徽省水土污染治理与修复工程实验室,安徽芜湖 241002
    2安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所安徽养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,合肥 230001
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-22 修回日期:2019-12-15 出版日期:2020-10-25 发布日期:2020-10-16
  • 通讯作者: 周楠楠
  • 作者简介:王赢,男,1984年出生,安徽安庆人,副教授,博士,研究方向:农田养分循环及环境效应。通信地址:241002 安徽省芜湖市弋江区九华南路189号 安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院,Tel:0553-5910728,E-mail: gleaner@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“稻作区土壤培肥与丰产增效耕作技术-双季稻稻田配肥与丰产增效耕作模式”(2016YFD0300906);安徽省自然科学基金项目“水稻-紫云英种植体系中氮平衡的研究”(1708085QD88);安徽省教育厅高校自然科学研究项目“水深对苦草周年生长的影响研究”(KJ2018A0316);“绿肥还田下氮肥减施的定量研究——以紫云英为例”(KJ2019A0492);养分循环与资源环境安徽省级实验室开放课题项目“氮肥调控下土壤硝态氮残留效应对蔬菜产量的影响机理”;安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金项目“水稻-紫云英种植体系中依据氮平衡制定合理氮肥减施量”(17B1017);分子基材料安徽省级重点实验室开放课题项目“紫云英-水稻种植体系中氮肥减施量的确定”(fzj19012);安徽师范大学校级科研项目“土壤硝态氮残留效应下蔬菜产量预测模型的构建与验证”(2018XJJ55);“浅水湖泊中沉水植物适宜水位研究”(2018XJJ56);绿肥还田下氮肥减施的定量研究——以紫云英为例”(2018XJJ81);“水深变化对不同水深区域内马来眼子菜生长影响研究”(2018XJJ94)

Effect of Green Manure Chinese Milk Vetch on Nitrogen Balance in Paddy Soil System: A Review

Wang Ying1,2(), Luo Qi1, Lv Xinxin1, Tang Shan2, Zhou Nannan1()   

  1. 1Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu Anhui 241002
    2Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001
  • Received:2019-10-22 Revised:2019-12-15 Online:2020-10-25 Published:2020-10-16
  • Contact: Zhou Nannan

摘要:

为了系统了解稻田种植豆科填闲作物紫云英后氮素流通的变化情况,笔者综合阐述了紫云英对稻田土壤系统中氮素的输入、输出的影响,整体评价水稻-紫云英种植体系中氮素的平衡,结论主要包括:(1)紫云英能高效固氮并替代部分化肥、提高氮肥利用率;(2)通过提高水稻产量和氮含量,紫云英可以增加水稻收割携走氮量;(3)紫云英能够有效降低土壤氮素的径流损失;(4)紫云英可能具有降低土壤氮素淋溶损失的潜力,但是支撑数据较少;(5)紫云英能够显著减少稻田NH3挥发,但是对N2O的影响尚存争议。综上所述,紫云英在保障水稻产量的基础上,能够降低氮素损失所带来的环境风险,有效改善稻田土壤系统氮素平衡情况。

关键词: 紫云英, 化肥减量, 氮肥利用率, 氮平衡, 水稻

Abstract:

To systematically clarify the change of nitrogen circulation in paddy field after introducing Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) as leguminous catch crop, this paper synthetically reviewed the effects of Chinese milk vetch on nitrogen (N) input and output in paddy soil and evaluated the N balance in rice-Chinese milk vetch cropping system. The conclusions mainly included: (1) Chinese milk vetch could effectively fix N and replace partial fertilizer, increase the N use efficiency; (2) by increasing rice yield and N content, Chinese milk vetch could raise N output through rice harvest; (3) Chinese milk vetch could effectively reduce N runoff loss; (4) Chinese milk vetch may have the potential to reduce nitrogen leaching loss, but the supporting data was limited; (5) Chinese milk vetch could significantly reduce NH3 volatilization in paddy fields, but the effect on N2O emission remained controversial at present. In summary, on the basis of maintaining rice yield, Chinese milk vetch could effectively reduce the environmental risk caused by N loss and ameliorate the N balance in paddy soil system.

Key words: Chinese milk vetch, chemical fertilizer reduction, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen balance, paddy rice

中图分类号: