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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 9-15.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0245

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥模式对水稻产量及养分利用效率的影响

乔月1(), 胡诚2(), 万建华1, 徐化林1, 刘茂军1, 郭卫红1, 戴黎1, 张春华1, 邓超然1   

  1. 1 华强化工集团股份有限公司，湖北当阳 444100
    2 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所，武汉 430064
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-21 修回日期:2023-08-19 出版日期:2024-02-22 发布日期:2024-02-22
  • 通讯作者:
    胡诚，男，1972年出生，湖北孝感人，研究员，博士后，研究方向：作物高效施肥及土壤生态学。通信地址：430064 湖北省武汉市武昌区南湖大道湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所，Tel：027-88430575，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    乔月，女，1994年出生，湖北孝感人，硕士研究生，研究方向：土壤肥料。通信地址：444100湖北省宜昌市当阳市坝陵街道锦屏大道华强化工集团股份有限公司，Tel：18772636247，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“中低产稻田减障提质产品创制及产能提升应用”(2021YFD1901204)

Effects of Different Fertilization Patterns on Rice Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency

QIAO Yue1(), HU Cheng2(), WAN Jianhua1, XU Hualin1, LIU Maojun1, GUO Weihong1, DAI Li1, ZHANG Chunhua1, DENG Chaoran1   

  1. 1 Huaqiang Chemical Group, Dangyang, Hubei 444100
    2 Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064
  • Received:2023-03-21 Revised:2023-08-19 Published-:2024-02-22 Online:2024-02-22

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摘要：

为了解决长江中下游中低产稻田产能提升应用，在湖北当阳开展大田试验，设置当地常规施肥(T1)、常规复合肥+3000 kg/hm2生物有机肥(T2)、有机无机复混肥(T3)、生物炭基肥(T4)、水稻专用配方肥(T5)及不施肥(CK)共6个处理，在同等施肥量下研究了不同施肥模式对水稻产量及养分利用率的影响。结果表明：不同施肥处理下，水稻产量及产量构成因素均呈现为T4>T5>T3>T2>T1>CK，与T1处理相比，T2~T5处理分别增产4.27%~19.27%；在相同施氮处理下，T2~T5处理氮素累积量较T1处理增加了4.08%~32.03%，T2~T5处理在生产100 kg穗吸氮量、氮肥贡献率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥表观利用率较T1处理分别增加1.96%~9.15%、11.26%~44.86%、4.26%~19.27%、16.23%~72.79%、7.80%~61.22%；在相同施磷处理下，T2~T5处理磷素累积量较T1处理增加了4.60%~26.67%，T2~T5处理在生产100 kg穗吸磷量、磷肥偏生产力、磷肥表观利用率较T1处理分别增加4.28%~19.27%、3.33%~10.00%、12.48%~71.90%。在氮磷钾施肥总量相同的情况下，选择适合且具有缓释性的肥料进行基施，分蘖肥合理配施，既能提高养分吸收利用率，还可以增加水稻产量。

关键词: 不同肥源, 水稻产量, 肥料利用率, 养分吸收, 生物炭基肥, 氮肥偏生产力

Abstract:

To solve the problem of increasing the production capacity of middle and low yield rice fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, 6 treatments were set up for a field test in Dangyang, Hubei, including: local conventional fertilizer (T1), conventional compound fertilizer+3000 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer (T2), organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (T3), biochar based fertilizer (T4), rice-specific formula fertilizer (T5) and non-fertilizer (CK). The effects of different fertilization modes on rice yield and nutrient utilization efficiency were studied under the same fertilization amount. The results showed that under different fertilization treatments, rice yield and yield components were T4>T5>T3>T2>T1>CK. Compared with T1 treatment, T2-T5 treatments increased yield by 4.27%-19.27%, respectively; under the same nitrogen application, the nitrogen accumulation of T2-T5 treatments increased by 4.08%-32.03% compared with T1 treatment, and T2-T5 treatments increased the nitrogen uptake, nitrogen contribution rate, nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen apparent efficiency in the production of 100 kg seeds by 1.96%-9.15%, 11.26%-44.86%, 4.26%-19.27%, 16.23%-72.79% and 7.80%-61.22%, respectively; under the same phosphorus application treatment, the phosphorus accumulation of T2-T5 treatments increased by 4.60%-26.67% compared with T1 treatment, and T2-T5 treatments increased phosphorus uptake, phosphorus partial productivity and phosphorus apparent utilization rate in the production of 100 kg seeds by 4.28%-19.27%, 3.33%-10.00% and 12.48%-71.90%, respectively. Under the condition that the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was the same, selecting appropriate slow-release fertilizer for basic application and rationally application of tillering fertilizer could not only improve the fertilizer absorption and utilization rate, but also increase the rice yield.

Key words: different fertilizer sources, rice yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nutrient absorption, biochar based fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity