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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (15): 104-110.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0457

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机无机复混肥配施钾长石土壤调理剂对烤烟产质量及养分利用率的影响

徐兴阳1(), 张晓伟2, 刘忠华3, 余小芬4, 邱学礼4, 焦忠云1, 张连巧1, 杨树明4()   

  1. 1 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司，昆明 650051
    2 云南省烟草质量监督检测站，昆明 650106
    3 中国烟草总公司云南省公司，昆明 650011
    4 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-30 修回日期:2022-08-02 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 杨树明，男，1973年出生，云南武定人，研究员，博士，主要从事烤烟营养与肥料研究。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号，Tel：0871-6515114，E-mail：1569885088@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    徐兴阳，男，1974年出生，云南盐津人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草新品种、新技术、新方法、新材料等研究。通信地址：650051 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路523号，Tel：0871-63160904，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目“原产地‘红花大金元’特色品质及风格彰显关键技术研究与集成应用”(2020530000241020)

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Compound Fertilizer Combined with Potassium Feldspar Soil Conditioner on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Utilization Rate of Flue-cured Tobacco

XU Xingyang1(), ZHANG Xiaowei2, LIU Zhonghua3, YU Xiaofen4, QIU Xueli4, JIAO Zhongyun1, ZHANG Lianqiao1, YANG Shuming4()   

  1. 1 Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Kunming 650051
    2 Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming 650106
    3 Yunnan Tobacco Company of China Tobacco, Kunming 650011
    4 Agricultural Resources & Environment Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2022-05-30 Revised:2022-08-02 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-05-22

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摘要：

探索菜籽油枯有机无机复混肥配施钾长石土壤调理剂对植烟土壤肥力及烤烟生长、产质量及肥料利用率的影响，为烟田施肥提供理论依据。以烤烟品种‘红花大金元’为材料，在云南昆明红壤上，开展田间试验，设置6个处理：T1 (CK)，施无机肥；T2，有机无机复混肥（与T1等氮磷钾）；T3，有机无机复混肥+土壤调理剂（与T1等氮磷）；T4，有机无机复混肥+土壤调理剂（T1减氮磷钾20%）；T5，土壤调理剂+不施肥；T6，不施肥。结果表明：与CK相比，T2、T3显著增加土壤pH 0.51和0.69个单位，土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾和SOC含量显著提高13.02%~43.48%，T2的TN含量较CK显著增加10.98%，T3、T4分别显著增加土壤C/N 16.02%和13.23%。T2、T3可促进烟株生长，叶面积和叶面积系数显著增加2.11%、4.50%和7.39%、23.96%。与CK相比，T2、T3烟叶上等烟比例和产值分别增加7.87%、17.66%和11.75%、29.37%；T3、T4产量较CK显著提高14.92%、8.80%。T2、T3可改善烟叶填充值与叶梗重，质地均匀、物理性质优异，且综合得分最高。与CK相比，T2、T3烟叶总糖、还原糖含量分别显著下降4.37%、4.43%和23.93%、10.9%，而T2和T3烟叶的总氮、烟碱含量较CK显著增加12.64%、11.11%及15.81%、8.12%；T2和T3烟叶钾和水溶性氯含量分别显著提高27.65%、35.94%和4.76%、14.29%，烟叶化学成分更加协调。与CK相比，T2、T3和T4显著提高氮素表观利用率13.40%~24.14%，T2、T3氮素生理利用率分别显著增加5.85%、10.75%；T2、T3和T4磷素表观利用率较CK显著增加42.49%、48.99%和16.26%，而磷素生理利用率较CK分别显著增加22.68%、34.88%和13.53%。与CK相比，T2、T3和T4钾素表观利用率分别显著提高11.88%、20.30%和7.67%，T2、T3显著增加钾素生理利用率分别为9.45%和18.87%。施菜籽油枯有机无机复混肥或有机无机复混肥配施钾长石土壤调理剂有利于提高土壤pH及提升土壤肥力，促进烟株生长，提高烟叶产量和品质，促进烤烟对氮、磷、钾肥利用。

关键词: 烤烟, 有机无机复混肥, 钾长石土壤调理剂, 品质, 肥料利用率

Abstract:

The study explored the effects of rapeseed oil cake organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (OICF) combined with potassium feldspar soil conditioner (PFSC) on soil fertility, and growth, yield, quality and fertilizer use efficiency of flue-cured tobacco, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for tobacco field fertilization. Using flue-cured tobacco variety ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ as material, a field experiment was conducted in red soil in Kunming tobacco planting area, and six fertilization treatments were set up, i.e. T1 (CK, conventional dosage of N, P and K, inorganic compound fertilizer of tobacco), T2 (OICF, equal to T1 in N, P and K rate), T3 (OICF combined with PFSC, equal to T1 in N, P and K rate), T4 (OICF combined with PFSC, 20% less N, P and K than those of T1) and T5 (soil conditioner with neither manure nor fertilizer), T6 (neither manure nor fertilizer). The results showed that compared with CK, T2 and T3 significantly enhanced soil pH by 0.51 and 0.69 units respectively, increased the contents of organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and SOC by 13.02%-43.48%; and T2 increased TN content by 10.98%, and T3 and T4 also enhanced C/N level by 16.02% and 13.23% respectively. Compared with CK, T2 and T3 significantly improved the growth of tobacco, and the leaf area and leaf area coefficient of the tobacco plants were increased by 2.11% and 4.50% under T2, and 7.39% and 23.96% under T3, respectively. Compared with those of CK, the proportion of high grade leaf and output value were increased by 7.87% and 17.66% under T2, and 11.75% and 29.37% under T3, respectively. Meanwhile, T3 and T4 increased the yield by 14.92% and 8.80%, respectively. Furthermore, T2 and T3 improved the tobacco filling value and leaf stalk weight, the tobacco under these two treatments had uniform texture, excellent physical properties, and reached the highest comprehensive score. Besides, compared with those of CK, the total sugar and reducing sugar were decreased by 4.37% and 4.43% under T2, and 23.93% and 10.90% under T3, respectively. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen and nicotine were enhanced by 12.64% and 11.11% under T2, and 15.81% and 8.12% under T3, respectively, and the potassium oxide and water soluble chlorine contents were increased by 27.65% and 35.94% under T2, and 4.76% and 14.29% under T3, respectively, so that the chemical composition of tobacco leaves was more harmonious. Compared with CK, T2, T3 and T4 enhanced apparent N use efficiency by 13.40%-24.14%, and T2 and T3 increased physiological N use efficiency by 5.85% and 10.75%, respectively; T2, T3 and T4 increased apparent P use efficiency by 42.49%, 48.99% and 16.26% respectively, and physiological P use efficiency by 22.68%, 34.88% and 13.53% respectively. Similarly, T2, T3 and T4 raised apparent K use efficiency by 11.88%, 20.30% and 7.67% respectively, T2 and T3 increased physiological K use efficiency by 9.45% and 18.87%, respectively. In summary, the application of rapeseed oil cake organic-inorganic compound fertilizer or organic-inorganic compound fertilizer combined with potassium feldspar soil conditioner could improve soil pH and fertility, and promote tobacco plant growth, tobacco yield and quality, and the utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, potassium feldspar soil conditioner, quality, fertilizer use efficiency