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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (28): 40-47.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0776

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

钾肥种类对子莲产量、品质和养分吸收的影响

李俊1(), 唐记平2, 杨良波2, 刘冬碧1(), 张志毅1, 郑兴汶2, 揭志辉2, 邹东旺2, 徐金星2, 程子珍1, 倪承凡1, 朱丹丹1   

  1. 1 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/国家农业环境潜江观测实验站/湖北省农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心/农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室，武汉 430064
    2 广昌县白莲产业发展中心，江西广昌 344900
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-13 修回日期:2023-03-06 出版日期:2023-10-05 发布日期:2023-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 刘冬碧，女，1971年出生，湖北恩施人，研究员，硕士，主要从事水生蔬菜营养特征与施肥技术研究。通信地址：430064 湖北省武汉市洪山区南湖大道18号，Tel：027-88430571，E-mail：595049768@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    李俊，男，2000年出生，湖北孝感人，本科，主要从事于土壤与施肥技术方面的研究。通信地址：430064 湖北省武汉市洪山区南湖大道18号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广昌县白莲产业发展中心专家工作站项目(2023-lcyzjz-002); 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目“国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系广昌综合试验站建设”(CARS-24-G-09)

Effect of Different Type of Potassium Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Seed Lotus

LI Jun1(), TANG Jiping2, YANG Liangbo2, LIU Dongbi1(), ZHANG Zhiyi1, ZHENG Xingwen2, JIE Zhihui2, ZOU Dongwang2, XU Jinxing2, CHENG Zizhen1, NI Chengfan1, ZHU Dandan1   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment/ Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control/ Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064
    2 Guangchang Seed Lotus Industry Development Center, Guangchang, Jiangxi 344900
  • Received:2022-09-13 Revised:2023-03-06 Published-:2023-10-05 Online:2023-09-25

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摘要：

为在子莲施肥中合理选择钾肥，以‘太空莲36号’为材料，采用微池试验的方法，设置不施钾(CK)、氯化钾(MOP)和硫酸钾(SOP)3个处理，研究钾肥种类对子莲产量品质和养分吸收的影响。结果表明，在莲田土壤有效硫32.2 mg/kg、有效氯10.0 mg/kg的试验条件下，施钾显著提高了通芯莲和膨大茎产量，与CK处理相比，MOP处理的通芯莲和膨大茎产量分别增加了29.7%和21.5%，SOP处理分别增加了41.3%和71.2%。与MOP处理比较，SOP处理的通芯莲和膨大茎产量分别提高了9.0%和40.9%，其收获指数分别提高了0.6和5.0个百分点，淀粉含量分别提高了2.6和7.9个百分点，其中膨大茎产量、收获指数和淀粉含量增加显著；子莲多数器官的氯含量显著降低，降低幅度为34%~77%，氯吸收总量降低55.2%，硫含量增加0.4%~57%，硫吸收总量增加23.0%，钾肥当季利用率提高2.4个百分点。硫酸钾在提高通芯莲产量和改善品质方面略优于氯化钾，在提高子莲膨大茎产量和品质方面显著优于氯化钾。因此初步提出广昌县子莲“前期氯化钾、后期硫酸钾”的施钾策略。

关键词: 子莲, 氯化钾, 硫酸钾, 产量, 品质, 养分吸收

Abstract:

To appropriately select potassium fertilizer for seed lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) production, a micro-plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different types of potassium fertilizer on growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake of seed lotus by using ‘Taikonglian No.36’as test material, with three treatments of no potassium (CK), potassium chloride (MOP) and potassium sulfate (SOP). The results showed that potassium fertilizer application significantly increased the yield of lotus seed cotyledon (LSC) and developed rhizome (DR) in the lotus field with 32.2 mg/kg available sulfur (S) and 10.0 mg/kg available chloride (Cl) in the soil. Compared with CK treatment, yield of LSC and DR in MOP treatment increased by 29.7% and 21.5%，respectively, and that in SOP treatment increased by 41.3% and 71.2%, respectively. Compared with MOP treatment, the yield of LSC and DR in SOP treatment increased by 9.0% and 40.9% respectively, the harvest index of LSC and DR increased by 0.6 and 5.0 percentage points, and the starch content increased by 2.6 and 7.9 percentage points, respectively, and the yield, harvest index and starch content of DR increased significantly. The Cl content in most organs of seed lotus plant decreased significantly by 34%-77%, therefore the total Cl absorption decreased by 55.2%; S content in the organs of seed lotus plant increased by 0.4%-57%, and the total S absorption increased by 23.0%. The recovery efficiency of K of SOP treatment increased by 2.4 percentage points when compared with MOP treatment. SOP was slightly better than MOP in increasing yield and improving quality of LSC, and significantly superior to MOP in increasing yield and improving quality of DR. Therefore, a fertilization strategy of ‘MOP in early stage and SOP in late stage’ was preliminary proposed for seed lotus production in Guangchang County, Jiangxi Province.

Key words: seed lotus, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, yield, quality, nutrient uptake