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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (13): 32-40.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0684

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

6种珍稀山茶在南宁的引种适应性评价

张幸(), 武建云, 韦晓娟(), 李慧娟, 黄晓露, 杨德任   

  1. 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院/广西林业实验室/广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室,南宁 530002
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14 修回日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-05-05 发布日期:2025-05-07
  • 通讯作者:
    韦晓娟,女,1972年出生,广西永福人,正高级工程师,本科,主要从事观赏山茶、金花茶等特色经济林栽培与育种工作。通信地址:530002 广西南宁市邕武路23号 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张幸,女,1985年出生,湖南衡阳人,工程师,本科,主要从事油茶、观赏山茶、金花茶等特色经济林栽培与育种工作。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广西重点研发计划项目“金花茶等优异山茶种质资源挖掘及新品种创制”(桂科AB23026090); 广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室课题资助项目“香花油茶栽培品种配置授粉组合的测定”(JA-22-02-01)

Adaptability Evaluation of 6 Rare Camellia Species Introduced in Nanning

ZHANG Xing(), WU Jianyun, WEI Xiaojuan(), LI Huijuan, HUANG Xiaolu, YANG Deren   

  1. Guangxi Forestry Research Institute/ Guangxi Forestry Laboratory/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Nanning 530002
  • Received:2024-11-14 Revised:2025-02-20 Published:2025-05-05 Online:2025-05-07

摘要:

对6种珍稀山茶植物开展为期4年的引种适应性观察并进行综合评价,以期为南宁地区开展珍稀山茶的迁地保护、引种,以及园林观赏、茶饮、食品等方面的开发利用和育种提供参考。以从越南和中国龙州、隆安等地引入南宁的菊芳金花茶、黄花茶、‘绢红’山茶、红花离蕊茶、超长柄茶、红花长柄茶为试验材料,开展物候期、生长特性以及生态适应性观察,并进行嫁接繁殖与栽培试验,利用层次分析法对6种山茶植物的形态特征、生态习性、利用价值等进行引种适应性综合评价。从生态适应性来看,‘绢红’山茶、红花离蕊茶、菊芳金花茶表现出较好的生长适应性,在室外温度最低气温为-2℃时,3种植株均正常生长,未受到冻害,而在夏季38℃高温下表现出较强生活力,未出现灼伤现象,黄花茶和超长柄茶在高温下,嫩叶叶缘出现灼伤及变黄焦枯现象。从嫁接苗栽培来看,‘绢红’山茶、红花离蕊茶、菊芳金花茶繁殖能力较强,嫁接苗移栽18个月后,嫁接苗长势表现较好,其中‘绢红’山茶的株高、地径、冠幅、叶片数均为最大,表明其引种生长适应性最好,超长柄茶、黄花茶引种适应性表现较弱,繁殖能力低,不耐高温和强光照。基于层次分析法,使用形态特征、生态习性以及利用价值等共13项与引种目标及适应性评价有直接关联的指标,对引种的6种珍稀山茶构建层次分析模型,采用5分制评分标准对6种山茶引种适应性开展综合评价,综合总得分从高到低依次为‘绢红’山茶(4.970分)>红花离蕊茶(4.589分)>菊芳金花茶(3.863分)>红花长柄茶(3.561分)>黄花茶(3.028分)>超长柄茶(3.008分)。‘绢红’山茶、红花离蕊茶、菊芳金花茶适宜在南宁栽培应用,而红花长柄茶、黄花茶和超长柄茶需要进行进一步引种驯化。

关键词: 山茶属, 物候, 繁育, 层次分析法, 适应性, 综合评价, 南宁

Abstract:

6 introduced rare Camellia plants were observed and evaluated comprehensively for a period of 4 years, in order to provide a reference for the future conservation and introduction of rare Camellia plants, as well as the development, utilization and propagation of landscape appreciation, tea and food production. 6 introduced species of rare Camellia (C. cucphuongensis, C. flava, C. calcicola ‘Juanhong’, C. rubriflora, C. longissima, C. zhaiana) were used as test materials to observe the phenological phase, growth characteristic and ecological adaptability, as well as to carry out grafting propagation and cultivation tests. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, 6 species of Camellia plants introduced from Vietnam, Longzhou and Longan were comprehensively evaluated in terms of morphological characteristics, ecological habits and utilization value. C. calcicola ‘Juanhong’, C. rubriflora, C. cucphuongensis all showed better growth adaptability, when the minimum outdoor temperature was -2℃, the plants and leaves grew normally without freezing phenomenon. At the high temperature of 38℃ in summer, it showed more vitality and no burning phenomenon. However, under high temperature, the leaf edge of the young leaves of C. flava and C. longissima was easy to burn and became yellow and withered. C. calcicola ‘Juanhong’, C. rubriflora, C. cucphuongensis had strong reproductive ability. After 18 months of transplanting, the grafted seedlings showed good growth performance, the height, ground diameter, crown width and leaf number of C. calcicola ‘Juanhong’ were the largest, indicating that it had the best growth adaptability and was suitable for growth in Nanning. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a hierarchy analysis model was constructed for the 6 introduced rare Camellia species based on 13 indicators directly related to the introduction goals and adaptability evaluation, including morphological characteristics, ecological habits, and utilization value. A 5-point scoring system was established to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the adaptability of the 6 introduced Camellia species. The overall score in descending order was: C. calcicola ‘Juanhong’ (4.970 points)> C. rubriflora (4.589 points)> C. cucphuongensis (3.863 points)> C. zhaiana (3.561 points)> C. flava (3.028 points)> C. longissima (3.008). C. calcicola ‘Juanhong’, C. rubriflora and C. cucphuongensis were suitable for cultivation and application in Nanning, while C. zhaiana, C. flava and C. longissima need further introduction and domestication.

Key words: Camellia, phenology, propagation, analytic hierarchy process, adaptability, comprehensive evaluation, Nanning