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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (26): 117-129.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0111

• 工程·机械·水利·装备 • 上一篇    下一篇

果园高效机械化生产装备现状与发展重点

梅松1(), 夏先飞1, 何静2, 宋志禹1, 曹光乔1   

  1. 1 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所, 南京 210014
    2 南京理工大学机械工程学院, 南京 210094
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18 修回日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2025-10-12 发布日期:2025-10-12
  • 通讯作者:
    曹光乔,湖北宜都人,研究员,博士生导师,博士,研究方向:农业机械化与信息化。通信地址:210014 江苏省南京市玄武区柳营100号,caoguangqiao@caas.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    梅松,江苏南京人,副研究员,博士,研究方向:果园生产装备与智能化。通信地址:210014 江苏省南京市玄武区柳营100号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农机研发制造推广应用一体化专项“基于标准果园云管控系统的智能管理技术集成示范”(JSYTH01-10); 国家重点研发计划课题“果树智能化管理与果实采收技术装备研发”(2023YFD2001104); 江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目“果园(梨、桃)生产智能装备与技术推广应用”(NJ2023-54)

Current Status and Key Development Priorities of Efficient Mechanized Production Equipment in Orchards

MEI Song1(), XIA Xianfei1, HE Jing2, SONG Zhiyu1, CAO Guangqiao1   

  1. 1 Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014
    2 College of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094
  • Received:2025-02-18 Revised:2025-04-27 Published:2025-10-12 Online:2025-10-12

摘要:

为了实现果园高效机械化生产,本研究从果园地空巡检、动力平台自主导航、果园树下与果树机械生产管理和智能化生产管控四大关键技术方向进行阐述,重点描述了果园作业地图构建、自主导航、开沟施肥与水肥一体化、定位割草、精准施药、立体修剪、柔性疏花、机械授粉、智能采收以及多机协同控制等技术现状。梳理了中国果园生产机械化在丘陵山区应用场景打造、宜机化基础条件建设、关键核心技术及装备研发、机具作业质量和操作人员素质提升等方面存在的主要问题。最后,从加大机械补贴力度—重视年轻人才引导、推动标准化果园建设和管理、基于新原理新方法和新技术的果园短板环节作业装备攻关、推进丘陵与平缓坡果园作业装备智能化集成应用和重点加强平缓坡标准果园智能化技术装备集成推广应用5个方面提出了发展重点内容。

关键词: 果园机械化, 智能化, 生产管理, 主要问题, 发展重点

Abstract:

To achieve efficient mechanized production in orchards, this paper first clarifies the key technologies from four aspects: aerial and ground inspection of orchards, autonomous navigation of power platforms, mechanized management of production under orchard trees, and intelligent production control. The paper particularly highlights the current status of technologies such as orchard task map construction, autonomous navigation, integrated fertilization and irrigation, targeted grass cutting, precision pesticide application, three-dimensional pruning, flexible flower thinning, mechanical pollination, intelligent harvesting, and multi-machine collaborative control. It then reviews the challenges in orchard mechanization in China, particularly in the context of hilly and mountainous regions. These challenges include the development of application scenarios, the establishment of machine-compatible infrastructure, the research and development of key core technologies and equipment, as well as the improvement of machinery operation quality and the enhancement of operator skills. Finally, the paper outlines five key areas for development: increasing subsidies for machinery and focusing on guiding young talent, promoting standardized orchard construction and management, addressing equipment gaps in orchard operations using new principles, methods, and technologies, advancing the intelligent integration of equipment in hilly and gentle slope orchards, and strengthening the integration and application of intelligent technological equipment in standardized orchards on gentle slopes.

Key words: orchard mechanization, intelligence, production management, key issues, development priorities