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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (27): 79-84.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0156

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同时期配施秸秆腐熟剂对土壤肥力和土壤酶活性的影响

刘乃嘉(), 萨如拉(), 杨恒山, 邰继承, 乌云龙   

  1. 内蒙古民族大学,内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心,内蒙古通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-25 修回日期:2025-07-16 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-07
  • 通讯作者:
    萨如拉,女,1982年出生,内蒙古通辽人,教授,博士,主要从事玉米高产高效栽培研究。通信地址:028000 内蒙古通辽市霍林河大街西536号,Tel:0475-8316322,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    刘乃嘉,女,2000年出生,内蒙古通辽人,硕士研究生在读,研究方向:玉米高产高效栽培。通信地址:028000 内蒙古通辽市霍林河大街西536号,Tel:0475-8316322,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“轻度盐碱地玉米大豆复合种植产量效率与地力协同提升生理生态机制”(2022ZY0032); 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“轻度盐碱地玉米花生间作高产高效的土壤微生态机制”(2022ZY0168); 国家自然科学基金“低温秸秆降解复合菌系作用机制与途径研究”(31960383)

Effect of Application Periods of Straw Composting Agent on Soil Fertility and Soil Enzyme Activity

LIU Naijia(), SA Rula(), YANG Hengshan, TAI Jicheng, WU Yunlong   

  1. Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Feed Crop Engineering Technology Research Center, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
  • Received:2025-02-25 Revised:2025-07-16 Published:2025-09-25 Online:2025-10-07

摘要:

为探明不同质地土壤中秸秆还田配施腐熟剂的最佳时期,本研究于2021—2022年在西辽河平原灌区,以中壤土和砂壤土为研究对象,设置秸秆还田春季配施腐熟剂、秋季配施腐熟剂及不施腐熟剂(CK)3种处理,分析不同时期配施腐熟剂对玉米产量、土壤肥力和酶活性的影响。结果表明:2021年,各处理玉米产量及其构成因素与CK无显著差异,但配施秸秆腐熟剂影响土壤酶活性;中壤土秋季配施处理显著增加了土壤蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性,砂壤土处理则增加了土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性。2022年,相比CK,中壤土春季配施腐熟剂通过增加千粒重提高了玉米产量,砂壤土秋季配施腐熟剂则通过增加有效穗数提高了玉米产量;中壤土春季配施腐熟剂增加了土壤纤维素酶活性,砂壤土秋季配施腐熟剂增加了土壤蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性;中壤土秋季配施腐熟剂显著提高了0~45 cm土壤碱解氮含量,春施腐熟剂更有利于提高土壤速效钾和速效磷含量。砂壤土春、秋两季配施腐熟剂均增加0~30 cm土壤有机质含量,但中壤土秋季配施提升幅度更大,砂壤土则春施提升更明显。综合而言,中壤土宜采用春季秸秆还田配施腐熟剂模式,以有效增加土壤养分、提升玉米产量;而砂壤土则更适宜采用秋季秸秆还田配施腐熟剂模式。

关键词: 玉米, 秸秆还田, 秸秆腐熟剂, 土壤酶活性, 土壤养分含量

Abstract:

To select the optimal period for applying straw composting agents when returning corn straw to the field in soils of different textures, experiments on returning corn straw to the field were conducted in medium loam and sandy loam soils in the irrigation area of the West Liaohe Plain from 2021 to 2022, and three treatments were set up: composting agent + straw returning in spring; composting agent + straw returning in autumn; and straw returning alone (CK). The effects of combined application of straw composting agent at different periods on corn yield, soil fertility and enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that in 2021, compared with CK, there were no significant differences in corn yield and its constituent factors among the treatments, but they affected soil enzyme activities. In medium loam soil, applying composting agent in combination in autumn could increase the activities of soil sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and cellulase, while in sandy loam soil, it could increase the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and cellulase. In 2022, compared with CK, the application of composting agents in both medium loam soil in spring and sandy loam soil in autumn increased the thousand-grain weight and the number of effective ears, thereby increasing the corn yield. In medium loam soil, applying composting agent in spring could increase the activity of soil cellulase, while in sandy loam soil, applying composting agent in autumn could increase the activities of soil sucrase and cellulase. The application of composting agent in medium loam soil in autumn increased the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm soils by 24.11%, 27.79% and 23.08% respectively, while the increase in the contents of available potassium and available phosphorus in soil was relatively large when composting agents were applied in spring. The combined application of composting agents in sandy loam soil in both spring and autumn increased the content of available nutrients in the soil, among which the combined application in autumn had a greater increase. The application of composting agents in medium loam and sandy loam both increased the soil organic matter content by 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm respectively. The increase was greater when composting agents were applied in autumn in medium loam, while the opposite was true in sandy loam. The application of composting agents when returning straw to the field in spring in medium loam soil could effectively increase soil nutrient content and enhance corn yield. In sandy loam soil, the effect of returning straw to the field in autumn combined with the application of composting agents is better.

Key words: corn, returning straw to the field, straw composting agent, soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient content