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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 9-14.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0460

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植密度和收获时期对林芝市粮饲通用型玉米产量的影响

李梦寒1(), 胡文平1, 董鑫1, 普布桑珠1,2, 宗巴吉1   

  1. 1 西藏农牧学院植物科学学院高原作物分子育种实验室，西藏林芝 860000
    2 隆子县扎日乡农牧综合服务中心，西藏山南 856000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15 修回日期:2024-10-23 出版日期:2025-03-05 发布日期:2025-03-03
  • 作者简介:

    李梦寒，女，1984年出生，河南兰考人，副教授，博士，研究方向：高原作物栽培。通信地址：860000 西藏自治区林芝市巴宜区育才西路100号 西藏农牧学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    2024年中央财政支持地方高校发展改革专项资金“高原特色农牧科技小院建设及综合服务能力提升”(XL2024-03); 西藏自治区自然科学基金-农牧学院厅校联合基金项目“玉米单倍体诱导系在西藏的适应性及诱导效率评价研究”(XZ202101ZR0111G)

Effects of Sowing Density and Harvest Time on Yield of Foodstuff Maize in Linzhi City

LI Menghan1(), HU Wenping1, DONG Xin1, PHURBU Samdrup1,2, ZONG Baji1   

  1. 1 Laboratory of Plateau Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Plant Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 860000
    2 Zari Township Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Service Center, Longzi County, Shannan, Xizang 856000
  • Received:2024-07-15 Revised:2024-10-23 Published:2025-03-05 Online:2025-03-03

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摘要：

粮饲通用型玉米是林芝市现代玉米产业的重要组成部分，生产应用广泛。为探明其高产高效种植方式，以极早熟、早熟、中熟等3个不同熟期杂交种为试验材料，采用60000、90000、120000株/hm2 3个种植密度，并在90000株/hm2种植密度下设置1/3乳线期、2/3乳线期、乳线消失期3个不同收获时期对粮饲通用型玉米籽粒产量、生物产量等产量性状进行比较分析。结果表明，不同熟期玉米在林芝市种植时生育期均有所延长，中熟品种产量潜力高于极早熟、早熟品种。因林芝市土壤肥力有限，种植密度不宜过大，中低产田应控制在60000株/hm2以内，高产田不宜超过90000株/hm2。受当地气温影响玉米灌浆速度缓慢，粒用型玉米适宜在乳线消失期收获，而饲用型青贮玉米最佳收获时期为1/3乳线期。在林芝市生境下，品种熟性对粮饲通用型玉米产量的效应最大，种植密度不宜过高，收获时期因具体不同用途存在差异。

关键词: 玉米, 粮饲通用型, 熟期, 产量, 林芝市, 种植密度, 收获时期

Abstract:

Foodstuff maize is an important part of the modern maize industry in Linzhi City, and its production and application are extremely wide. In order to find out the high yield and high efficiency planting methods, we used three sowing densities (6×104, 9×104 and 12×104 plants/hm2), and set up three harvest times (1/3 milk-line, 2/3 milk-line and milk-line disappeared stages) under the sowing density of 9×104 plants/ hm2, to compare and analyze grain yield, bio-yield and other yield traits of three different maturity maize hybrids (very early maturity, early maturity and medium maturity). The results showed that the fertility period of maize of different maturity was extended when planted in Linzhi City. The yield potential of medium-maturing variety was higher than that of very early and early-maturing varieties. Because of the limited soil fertility in Linzhi City, the planting density should not be too high, and should be controlled within 6×104 plants/hm2 in mid-low yielding lands, and should not exceed 9×104 plants/hm2 in high yielding field. Due to the local temperature influence, the grain filling rate was slow. The grain maize should be harvested at the stage of the milk-line disappearance, while the best harvesting time for silage maize was at the stage of 1/3 milk-line. In Linzhi City habitat, variety maturity had the greatest effect on the yield of foodstuff maize, sowing density should not be too high, and harvesting time differed according to specific uses.

Key words: maize, foodstuff, maturity, yield, Linzhi, sowing density, harvest time