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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 1-9.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0520

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

水肥耦合对玉米光合作用、干物质积累量和产量的影响

陈朝辉1(), 魏廷邦2()   

  1. 1 兰州新区现代农业投资集团有限公司,兰州 730314
    2 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威 733006
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-04 修回日期:2024-12-23 出版日期:2025-01-23 发布日期:2025-01-23
  • 通讯作者:
    魏廷邦,男,1990年出生,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事作物生理生态栽培研究工作。通信地址:733006 甘肃省武威市凉州区黄羊镇新镇路234号,Tel:0935-2611349,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    陈朝辉,男,1992年出生,甘肃灵台人,农艺师,本科,主要从事设施作物和干旱地区作物栽培研究与推广工作。通信地址:730314 甘肃省兰州市皋兰县中川镇 碧桂园新城之光7幢1单元2202室,Tel:0931-5117976,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省青年科学基金项目“10个矾根品种在兰州新区的适应性表现及离体再生体系研究”(21JR7RA875); 甘肃省自然科学基金项目“水肥耦合对盐碱地向日葵生理特性和根区养分的调控机理”(23JRRH0014)

Effects of Coupling of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize

CHEN Zhaohui1(), WEI Tingbang2()   

  1. 1 Agricultural Investment Company in Lanzhou New Area, Lanzhou 730314
    2 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Wuwei, Gansu 733006
  • Received:2024-08-04 Revised:2024-12-23 Published:2025-01-23 Online:2025-01-23

摘要:

为探究不同水肥耦合配比对玉米光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量、干物质积累特征和产量的调控机理,以‘豫玉22号’玉米为研究对象,于2022年在旱作区开展田间试验,采用裂区设计,以灌水量3150 m3/hm2 (W1)、3825 m3/hm2 (W2)、4500 m3/hm2 (W3)做主区,以施氮量0 kg/hm2 (N0)、272 kg/hm2 (N1)、320 kg/hm2 (N2)为裂区,测定玉米生育期的光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量、干物质积特征和产量等指标。结果表明,在减量15%灌水量下,W2N1处理的玉米生育期的光合速率较W2N0、W2N2处理分别提高30.91%、13.53%;W2N1处理的蒸腾速率较W2N0、W2N2处理分别提高39.78%、26.46%;W2N1处理的叶绿素含量较W2N0、W2N2处理分别提高32.33%、9.21%;W2N1处理的干物质最大增长速率出现天数较W2N0、W2N2处理分别延迟7.5、3.7 d;W2N1处理的Vmax较W2N0、W2N2处理分别提高11.25%、4.24%;W2N1处理的生物产量较W2N0、W2N2处理分别提高29.97%、5.15%;W2N1处理的籽粒产量较W2N0、W2N2处理分别提高48.61%、10.78%。研究认为,在旱作区可采用减量15%灌水(3825 m3/hm2)与减量15%施氮(272 kg/hm2)耦合模式栽培玉米,以达到节水省肥、高产高效的水肥管理目标。

关键词: 水肥耦合, 旱作区, 干物质积累量, 玉米, 产量, 光合速率, 蒸腾速率, 叶绿素含量

Abstract:

The aim was to explore the regulation mechanism of different coupling ratio of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on photosynthesis, transpiration rate, chlorophyll value, dry matter accumulation characteristic and yield of maize. In this research, using the corn variety of ‘Yuyu 22’ as research material, a split plot design field experiment was carried out in dryland areas of Gansu Province in 2022. Three irrigation application amount treatments of 3150 m3/hm2 (W1), 3825 m3/hm2 (W2) and 4500 m3/hm2 (W3) were set as the main plot, and three nitrogen application amount treatments of 0 (N0), 272 kg/hm2 (N1) and 320 kg/hm2 (N2) were set as the split plot. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll value, dry matter accumulation characteristic and yield at the growth period of maize were determined. The results showed that under a reduction of 15% in irrigation amount during growth, compared with the W2N0 and W2N2 treatments, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll value under the W2N1 treatment were increased by 30.91%, 13.53% and 39.78%, 26.46% and 32.33%, 9.21%, respectively. The maximum growth rate of dry matter in W2N1 treatment was 7.5 and 3.7 days later than that in W2N0 and W2N2 treatments, respectively. The Vmax of W2N1 treatment was 11.25% and 4.24% higher than that of W2N0 and W2N2 treatment, respectively. Compared with W2N0 and W2N2 treatments, the biological yield and grain yield of maize with the W2N1 treatment were increased by 29.97%, 5.15% and 48.61%, 10.78%, respectively. The conclusion showed that the treatment with application coupling of irrigation and nitrogen (i.e. reduction of 15% irrigation amount during growth with 3825 m3/hm2 and reduction of 15% N application amount with 272 kg/hm2 at growth stage) could be considered as the best cultivation pattern management, which could provide technical guidance for further exploring for water-saving and fertilizer-saving and high yield and efficient cultivation of agriculture in the dryland areas.

Key words: coupling of irrigation and fertilizer, dryland areas, dry matter accumulation, maize, yield, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll value