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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 98-106.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0264

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候变暖对豫北地区冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响——以河南省沁阳市为例

张新刚()   

  1. 焦作市气象局,河南焦作 450003
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-23 修回日期:2024-11-19 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-20
  • 作者简介:

    张新刚,男,1986年出生,河南驻马店人,工程师,本科,研究方向:气象服务与应用气象。通信地址:454003 河南焦作城乡一体化示范区竹林路766号 焦作市气象局,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室应用技术研究基金项目“气候变化背景下小麦育种方向和适应对策研究”(KM202237)

The Impact of Climate Warming on Growth, Development, and Yield of Winter Wheat in Northern Henan Province-Taking Qinyang City as an Example

ZHANG Xingang()   

  1. Jiaozuo Meteorological Bureau, Jiaozuo, Henan 450003
  • Received:2024-04-23 Revised:2024-11-19 Published:2025-01-25 Online:2025-01-20

摘要:

气候要素是影响作物生长发育的主要因子,对作物的生长发育、产量和品质有重要影响。为探讨豫北地区气候要素变化特征及对冬小麦生产的影响,利用河南省沁阳市1984—2022年冬小麦农业气象定位观测资料,结合同期气象观测资料,利用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall检验、HP滤波和相关分析等方法研究了冬小麦生育期内气候要素变化特征及对气候产量的定量影响。结果表明,1984—2022年间,冬小麦生育期内气温呈显著波动上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.35℃/10 a(P<0.05),生育期内气温存在明显的年代际变化特征,生育期气温在1994年出现突变;39 a来,≥0℃积温增加,气候倾向率为53.5℃/10a(P>0.05),突变点在2010和2021年;生育期内降水量和日照时数呈波动减少趋势,线性拟合倾向率分别为13.4 mm/10 a(P>0.05)和-43.0 h/10 a;受气候变暖影响,冬小麦生长季持续天数极显著缩短,产量受气候因子的影响较大;在一定的温度范围内,冬小麦气候产量随气温升高而增加,气温每升高1℃,气候产量增加14.53 g/m2,生育期内适宜≥0℃积温阈值为2281℃,不同生育期气候因子对冬小麦气候产量的影响效应存在差异,分蘖期—越冬开始期、孕穗期—抽穗期日照时数、孕穗期—抽穗期气温、抽穗期—开花期及全生育期降水量是影响冬小麦气候产量的关键因子,该研究可为区域冬小麦应对气候变化和农业科学决策提供重要参考。

关键词: 气候变化, 冬小麦, 生长发育, 日照时数, 气温, 积温, 降水量, Mann-Kendall检验, 产量

Abstract:

Climatic factors are the main factors affecting crop growth and development, and have a significant impact on crop growth, yield, and quality. In order to explore the characteristics of climate factor changes in northern Henan and their impact on winter wheat production, this study used agrometeorological observation data of winter wheat from 1984 to 2022 in Qinyang County, Henan Province, combined with meteorological observation data from the same period, and used methods such as linear tendency estimation, Mann Kendall test, HP filtering, and correlation analysis to study the quantitative impact of climate factor changes and climate yield during the growth period of winter wheat. The results showed that from 1984 to 2022, the temperature during the growth period of winter wheat showed a significant fluctuation and upward trend, with a climate tendency rate of 0.35℃/10a (P<0.05). There were obvious seasonal changes in temperature during the growth period, and a sudden change in temperature occurred in 1994. In the past 39 years, the accumulated temperature at ≥0℃ had increased, with a climate tendency rate of 53.5℃/10a (P>0.05), and the mutation points were in 2010 and 2021. The precipitation and sunshine hours during the growth period showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, with the linear tendency rates of 13.4 mm/10a (P>0.05) and -43.0 h/10a, respectively. Affected by climate change, the duration of winter wheat growth season was significantly shortened, and the yield was greatly affected by climate factors. Within a certain temperature range, the climate yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of temperature. For every 1℃ increase in temperature, the climate yield increased by 14.53 g/m2. The suitable threshold for accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ during the growth period was 2281℃. There are differences in the impact of climate factors on the climate yield of winter wheat in different growth periods. The sunshine hours from tillering to over wintering, booting to heading, booting to heading temperature, heading to flowering, and precipitation throughout the entire growth period are key factors affecting winter wheat yield. This study can provide important references for regional winter wheat response to climate change and agricultural scientific decision-making.

Key words: climate change, winter wheat, growth and development, sunshine hours, temperature, accumulated temperature, precipitation, mann-Kendall test, production