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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 10-18.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0104

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

酸性物质对微碱性土壤pH和烟叶产质量的影响

余垚颖1(), 张蕾1,2, 刘勇1,2, 黄小琴1,2, 何佶弦3, 王栋3, 张启莉3, 顾会战3()   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都 610066
    2 农业农村部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,成都 610066
    3 四川省烟草公司广元市公司,四川广元 628000
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-01 修回日期:2024-08-30 出版日期:2025-01-23 发布日期:2025-01-23
  • 通讯作者:
    顾会战,男,1978年出生,河南开封人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事烤烟栽培研究。通信地址:628000 四川省广元市利州区莲花路186号,Tel:0839-3226091,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    余垚颖,女,1985年出生,四川米易人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事植物营养与病害防治研究。通信地址:610066 四川省成都市锦江区静居寺路20号 农科院植保所,Tel:028-84504092,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    四川省烟草公司科技项目“广元烤烟营养均衡调控技术研究与应用”(川烟科〔2018〕2号); 四川省烟草公司科技项目“新品种、新产品、新技术集成与应用”(川烟科〔2022〕5号)

Effects of Acidic Substances on pH of Slightly Alkaline Soil and Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

YU Yaoying1(), ZHANG Lei1,2, LIU Yong1,2, HUANG Xiaoqin1,2, HE Jixian3, WANG Dong3, ZHANG Qili3, GU Huizhan3()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
    2 Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southwest Agriculture Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610066
    3 Guangyuan Tobacco Company, Guangyuan, Sichuan 628000
  • Received:2024-02-01 Revised:2024-08-30 Published:2025-01-23 Online:2025-01-23

摘要:

为解决微碱性土壤中土壤pH过高和钙离子含量丰富造成烟叶钾含量偏低的问题,采用盆栽和大田相结合的方式,研究草酸、柠檬酸和硫磺粉不同用量和组合对土壤pH、速效钾、有效钙含量、烘烤后烟叶的化学指标及产量等的影响。结果表明:(1)所有酸性物质及组合均能在一定范围内降低土壤pH,在提高土壤速效钾含量和烟叶产质量方面,以柠檬酸和柠檬酸+硫磺效果显著,初步确立为适宜改良微碱性土壤的酸性物质。(2)施用酸性物质能有效降低根际土壤pH和交换性钙离子含量,提高土壤速效钾含量,以柠檬酸4 g/株+硫磺粉11 g/株(T4)和柠檬酸15 g/株(T2)效果更佳。(3)施用酸性物质可显著提高烟叶的产量,提高幅度由大到小为T4>T3>T5>T2>T1>T0,且T3、T4、T5与T0之间存在显著差异,较T0增产65~260 kg/hm2。(4)施用酸性物质可有效改善烟叶的内在质量,烟叶化学成分综合指数0.66~0.87,较不施用酸性物质提高8.19%~60.78%。(5)与不施用酸性物质相比,施用酸性物质后,中部和上部烟叶钾含量最大增幅分别为24.3%和20.3%。柠檬酸4 g/株+硫磺粉11 g/株和柠檬酸15 g/株为微碱性土壤改良的适宜配方,能有效降低土壤pH和土壤中交换性钙含量,提高烟叶产量及钾含量,改善烟叶内在品质。

关键词: 烤烟, 微碱性土壤, 土壤pH, 烟叶钾含量, 酸性物质, 土壤改良, 烟叶产量

Abstract:

To solve the problem of low potassium content in tobacco leaves caused by high soil pH and rich calcium ion content in slightly alkaline soil, the pot and field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different dosage and combination of oxalic acid, citric acid and sulfur powder on soil pH value, available potassium, available calcium content, chemical indexes and yield of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that: (1) all acidic substances and their combinations could reduce soil pH within a certain range. In terms of improving soil available potassium content and tobacco yield and quality, citric acid and ztric acid + sulfur had significant effects. It had been preliminarily established as an acidic substance suitable for improving slightly alkaline soil. (2) After the application of acidic substances, it could effectively reduce the pH and exchangeable calcium ion content of rhizosphere soil, and improve the content of available potassium in soil. The T4 (citric acid 4 g/plant + sulphur powder 11 g/plant) and T2 (citric acid 15 g/plant) had better treatment effects. (3) After the application of acid substances, the yield of tobacco leaves was significantly increased, ranked as followed: T4>T3>T5>T2>T1>T0, and there were significant difference between T3, T4, T5 and T0, with an increase of 65-260 kg/hm2 compared to T0. (4) After the application of acid substances, the internal quality of tobacco leaves was effectively improved. The comprehensive index of chemical composition was 0.66-0.87, which was 8.19%-60.78% higher than that without the application of acidic substances. (5) Compared with not applying acidic substances, the potassium content of middle and upper leaves increased by 24.3% and 20.3% respectively. Citric acid 4 g/plant + sulfur powder 11 g/plant and citric acid 15 g/plant were suitable formulas for improving slightly alkaline soil. They can effectively reduce soil pH and exchangeable calcium content, increase tobacco yield and potassium content, and improve the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, slightly alkaline soil, soil pH, potassium content in tobacco leave, acidic substances, soil improvement, tobacco yield