欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 38-46.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0219

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥对渭北旱塬烟区烤烟产质量的影响

张世杰1(), 杨波1, 王宾刚1, 刘云1, 张喜峰1, 王文丽2(), 王泽理3, 李山3   

  1. 1 陕西省烟草公司宝鸡市公司,陕西宝鸡 721004
    2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州 730070
    3 甘肃烟草工业有限责任公司,兰州 730050
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-14 修回日期:2023-07-12 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-03-10
  • 通讯作者:
    王文丽,女,1968年出生,甘肃民勤人,研究员,本科,主要从事农业废弃物肥料化利用技术研究。通信地址:730070 甘肃兰州安宁区农科院新村1号 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,Tel:0931-7611519,Email:
  • 作者简介:

    张世杰,男,1976年出生,陕西宝鸡人,政工师,硕士,研究方向:烟草栽培。通信地址:721004 陕西宝鸡市金台区陈仓大道50号 陕西省烟草公司宝鸡市公司,Tel:0917-3438919,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省烟草公司宝鸡市公司科技项目“提高宝鸡烟叶在‘兰州’卷烟品牌配方中的适配性技术研究”(KJ-2019005)

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Weibei Loess Tableland

ZHANG Shijie1(), YANG Bo1, WANG Bingang1, LIU Yun1, ZHANG Xifeng1, WANG Wenli2(), WANG Zeli3, LI Shan3   

  1. 1 Baoji Tobacco Company of Shaanxi Province, Baoji, Shaanxi 721004
    2 Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    3 Gansu Tobacco Industry Limited liability Company, Lanzhou 730050
  • Received:2023-03-14 Revised:2023-07-12 Published-:2024-03-15 Online:2024-03-10

摘要:

研究有机肥对烤烟产量和品质的影响,可为陕西渭北旱塬烤烟产区有机肥替代部分化肥应用提供理论依据。通过田间试验、室内化学分析及感官评价相结合的方法,研究有机肥部分替代化肥对烤烟生长发育、产量、化学成分、感官评吸质量及经济效益的影响。结果表明:有机肥替代20%~40%的化肥有利于烤烟提早成熟,在烤烟成熟期,可使烤烟倒四叶叶片的SPAD值降低5.63%~6.83%,有机肥替代20%~40%的化肥处理与常规施肥相比,中上等烟叶的占比率提升19.94%~29.76%,总产值和净产值分别提升4.70%~6.96%和8.12%~20.26%,其评吸综合分值显著高于常规施肥和有机肥替代10%的化肥处理。利用主成分分析对代表烤烟产质量的11项指标进行综合评价,有机肥替代30%的化肥处理综合得分最高,其次是有机肥替代20%的化肥处理,再次是有机肥替代40%的化肥处理。在陕西渭北旱塬烟区,有机肥替代20%~40%的化肥有利于烟叶化学成分内在的协调性,能显著促进烟叶成熟,增加烤烟中上等烟叶的占比率,提高烤烟的经济效益。

关键词: 有机肥, 烤烟, 产量, 品质, 主成分分析

Abstract:

Studying the effects of organic fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco yield and quality can provide a theoretical basis for the application of organic fertilizer partially replacing chemical fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production regions in Weibei dry plateau of Shaanxi Province. Through a combination of field experiment, laboratory chemical analysis and sensory evaluation, the effects of partially replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the growth, development, yield, chemical composition, sensory evaluation of smoking quality, and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that replacing 20% to 40% of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer was beneficial for the early maturity of flue-cured tobacco. During the maturity stage, it led to a decrease in the SPAD value of the forth leaves of tobacco by 5.63% to 6.83%. Compared to conventional fertilization, the proportion of upper-medium grade tobacco leaves increased by 19.94% to 29.76% when organic fertilizer partially replaced 20% to 40% of chemical fertilizer. The total output value and net output value increased by 4.70% to 6.96% and 8.12% to 20.26%, respectively. The comprehensive consuming evaluation score was significantly higher in 10% of chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer treatment than other treatments. Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the 11 indicators representing the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The treatment with organic fertilizer partially replacing 30% of chemical fertilizer obtained the highest overall score, followed by the treatment with organic fertilizer replacing 20% of chemical fertilizer, and then the treatment with organic fertilizer replacing 40% of chemical fertilizer. In the dry terraced tobacco area of the northern Wei River Valley in Shaanxi, replacing 20% to 40% of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer can promote the inherent coordination of tobacco chemical composition, significantly enhance tobacco maturity, increase the proportion of upper-medium grade tobacco leaves, and improve the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.

Key words: organic fertilizers, flue-cured tobacco, yield, quality, principal component analysis