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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 47-56.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0292

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

施钾量对玉米钾素吸收、转运及产量的影响

张正珍1(), 慕瑞瑞1,2, 王佳1,3, 徐灿4, 陈永伟4, 张战胜5, 吴宏亮1, 康建宏1()   

  1. 1 宁夏大学农学院,银川 750021
    2 海原县农业农村局,宁夏海原 751800
    3 平罗县红果子镇农技站,宁夏平罗 753400
    4 宁夏农垦农林牧技术推广服务中心,银川 750024
    5 宁夏农业技术推广总站,银川 750001
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-09 修回日期:2023-09-04 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-03-10
  • 通讯作者:
    康建宏,男,1968年出生,宁夏银川人,教授,硕士,主要从事作物高产生理研究。通信地址:750021 宁夏银川市夏区贺兰山西路489号, E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张正珍,女,1997年出生,甘肃白银人,硕士研究生,主要从事作物生态生理研究。通信地址:750021 宁夏银川市夏区贺兰山西路489号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金“滴灌水肥一体化玉米籽粒淀粉形成对钾素的影响机理研究”(2021AAC03072); 宁夏区重点研发项目“抗旱耐密专用玉米新品种配套栽培技术研究”(2019BBF02003); 宁夏高质量发展与生态保护科技创新示范项目“秸秆还田效应与改土培肥技术研究与应用”(NGSB-2021-3-02); 研究生创新项目“钾素用量对玉米淀粉形成的响应机理”(CXXM2022-20)

Effect of Potassium Application Rate on Absorption, Transport and Yield of Maize Potassium

ZHANG Zhengzhen1(), MU Ruirui1,2, WANG Jia1,3, XU Can4, CHEN Yongwei4, ZHANG Zhansheng5, WU Hongliang1, KANG Jianhong1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
    2 Haiyuan County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Haiyuan, Ningxia, 751800
    3 Agricultural Technology Station of Hongguozi Town, Pingluo, Ningxia 753400
    4 Ningxia Agricultural Technology Extension General Station, Yinchuan 750024
    5 Ningxia Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Yinchuan 750001
  • Received:2023-04-09 Revised:2023-09-04 Published-:2024-03-15 Online:2024-03-10

摘要:

为研究玉米群体干物质、产量、养分吸收转运对钾素的响应。于2018—2019年在宁夏银川平吉堡开展田间试验,设6个钾肥用量,依次为0、60、120、180、240、300 kg/hm2。结果表明:施钾显著提高了玉米干物质积累、钾素吸收转运及利用效率,以施钾量为180 kg/hm2条件下最好,成熟期干物质积累量较对照提高了3.04%~13.80%,穗钾素积累量较对照提高32.17%~42.57%。施钾处理下钾素转运量提高了20.28%~68.73%,钾转运率提高了10.16%~30.37%,转运养分对籽粒贡献率提高了20.40%~67.71%。180 kg/hm2较其他施钾处理,钾素吸收利用效率提高了20.09%~247.97%,钾素农学利用率提高了37.47%~221.27%,产量提高了6.99%~18.14%。综合考虑玉米产量、养分积累与转运及肥料利用等因素,本试验条件下以施钾量为180 kg/hm2较为适宜。

关键词: 施钾量, 干物质, 养分吸收利用, 产量

Abstract:

To study the response of maize population dry matter, yield, nutrient absorption and transport to potassium, a field experiment was conducted in Pingjibao, Yinchuan City, Ningxia from 2018 to 2019, with 6 potassium fertilizer dosages of 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg/hm2. The results showed that potassium application significantly improved the dry matter accumulation, potassium absorption, transportation and utilization efficiency of corn. The best potassium application rate was 180 kg/hm2, and the dry matter accumulation in the mature stage increased by 3.04% to 13.80% compared to the control, while the potassium accumulation in the ear increased by 32.17% to 42.57% compared to the control. Under potassium application, the potassium transport amount increased by 20.28%-68.73%, the potassium transport rate increased by 10.16%-30.37%, and the contribution rate of transported nutrients to grains increased by 20.40%-67.71%. Compared with other potassium application treatments, the potassium absorption and utilization efficiency of 180 kg/hm2 increased by 20.09%-247.97%, the potassium agronomic utilization efficiency increased by 37.47%-221.27%, and the yield increased by 6.99%-18.14%. Taking into account factors such as corn yield, nutrient accumulation and transportation, and fertilizer utilization, the potassium application rate of 180 kg/hm2 was more suitable under the experimental conditions

Key words: potassium application amount, dry matter, nutrient absorption and utilization, yield