欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 107-114.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0252

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

沼液和秸秆还田对土壤氮磷淋溶的影响

王志刚1(), 韩雪2, 刘运平1, 李伟1, 宋潇1, 郭立月3()   

  1. 1 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司，北京 100095
    2 北京东方园林环境股份有限公司，北京 100015
    3 中国科学院植物研究所，北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-24 修回日期:2023-07-12 出版日期:2024-02-22 发布日期:2024-02-22
  • 通讯作者:
    郭立月，男，1986年出生，山东聊城人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事生态农业技术研究。通信地址：100093 北京市海淀区香山南辛村20号 中国科学院植物研究所，Tel：010-62836555，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王志刚，男，1982年出生，河北怀来人，高级工程师，博士，主要从事废弃物资源化利用研究。通信地址：100095 北京市海淀区苏家坨镇大北农国际创新园 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司，Tel：010-82856450，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    大北农科技创新项目“规模化猪场种养结合安全高效模式研究与示范”(DBN0059)

Effects of Biogas Slurry and Straw Returning on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching

WANG Zhigang1(), HAN Xue2, LIU Yunping1, LI Wei1, SONG Xiao1, GUO Liyue3()   

  1. 1 Beijing DBN Technology Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100095
    2 Beijing Orient Landscape & Environment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015
    3 Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2023-03-24 Revised:2023-07-12 Published-:2024-02-22 Online:2024-02-22

RichHTML

3

PDF (PC)

23

摘要：

通过分析沼液和秸秆还田对土壤氮磷浓度及淋溶的影响，为指导农业废弃物利用和农田面源污染防控提供理论支撑。采用田间小区试验，设置4个处理即空白对照(CK)、常规施氮(CON)、优化施氮(OPT)和秸秆+沼液还田(SMB)，通过测定作物产量、土壤硝态氮残留与总磷淋溶，探讨秸秆和沼液还田后土壤氮磷浓度变化和淋溶特征。结果表明：SMB处理产量分别达到CON和OPT处理的99.6%和95.4%，氮、磷吸收量分别达到84.9%、78.4%和85.7%、82.4%，但是氮磷农学效率比CON和OPT处理提高了13%。SMB处理土壤硝态氮浓度和淋溶量分别比施氮处理降低43%和77.3%，表观淋失系数仅4.83%，硝态氮残留量仅为施氮处理的28.9%。SMB处理总磷平均淋溶量为0.045 kg/hm2，土壤无机磷浓度为常规施磷量80.7%，80%无机磷转化为Fe-P和Ca-P，同时SMB处理活性有机磷占比为55.8%显著高于常规施磷34.2%，说明沼液和秸秆还田提高土壤磷有效性。综上所述，沼液和秸秆还田是一种环境友好的资源化利用途径。

关键词: 沼液和秸秆还田, 作物产量, 利用效率, 氮磷淋溶, 磷形态

Abstract:

To provide theoretical support for agricultural waste utilization and field non-point source pollution prevention, the effects of biogas slurry and straw returning on nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and leaching in soil were studied. The experiment set four treatments of control (CK), conventional N application (CON), optimized N application (OPT) and whole straw manuring plus biogas slurry returning (SMB). The crop yield, soil nitrate residuals and total P leaching were determined for analysis of soil N and P concentration and leaching characteristics. The results showed that crop yield under SMB treatment were reached 99.6% and 95.4%, N and P absorption attained 84.9%, 78.4% and 85.7%, 82.4% than those of CON and OPT treatment, respectively, which N and P agricultural efficiency of SMB treatment was increased by at least 13%. Under SMB treatment, soil nitrate concentration and leaching were decreased by 43% and 77.3% respectively, which the apparent leaching coefficient was 4.83%. The residuals in SMB treatment were 28.9% of chemical N fertilizer application treatment. The P leaching with SMB averaged for 0.045 kg/hm2, and soil inorganic P concentration was 80.7% of chemical P fertilization, which 80% inorganic P converted into Fe-P and Ca-P. Meanwhile, under SMB treatment higher and medium active organic soil P occupied by 55.8%, which was significantly higher than that of conventional P fertilization of 34.2%, indicating biogas slurry and straw returning to filed facilitated various forms of P availability. Thus, straw and biogas slurry returning to field is an environment-friendly waste resource utilization ways in China.

Key words: biogas slurry and straw returning, crop yield, resource utilization efficiency, N and P leaching, P forms