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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (36): 14-21.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1041

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

缓混肥侧深减氮施用对水稻氮肥吸收利用及其产量与品质的影响

李亚娟1(), 董明辉2,3(), 江贻3, 顾俊荣2, 张文地3, 王宇轩4   

  1. 1 常熟市种子管理站,江苏苏州 215500
    2 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,江苏苏州 215105
    3 扬州大学/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室,江苏扬州 225009
    4 苏州农业职业技术学院,江苏苏州 215000
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-09 修回日期:2023-02-03 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2023-12-20
  • 通讯作者:
    董明辉,男,1970年出生,江苏高邮人,研究员,博士研究生,主要从事水稻高产优质栽培与生理研究。通信地址:215105 江苏省苏州市吴中区临湖镇东山大道2351号,Tel:0512-65382356,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李亚娟,女,1973年出生,江苏南通人,硕士,主要从事农艺与种业研究。通信地址:215500 苏州常熟市珠江路384号 常熟市种子管理站,Tel:0512-52353910,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省科技计划重点项目“稻-羊肚菌周年绿色轮作增效关键技术研发”(BE2021315); 江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“江苏(常熟)现代农业(稻麦)科技综合示范基地”(JATS[2022]117); 国家农业重大技术协同推广计划项目“优质稻米产业化开发技术协同推广计划”(2021-ZYXT-04)

Effect of Side-deep Nitrogen Reduction Fertilization with Slow Release Fertilizer on Nitrogen Uptake & Utilization and Rice Yield & Quality

LI Yajuan1(), DONG Minghui2,3(), JIANG Yi3, GU Junrong2, ZHANG Wendi3, WANG Yuxuan4   

  1. 1 Changshu Seed Management Station, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500
    2 Taihu Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu,Suzhou, Jiangsu 215105
    3 Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology,Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009
    4 Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000
  • Received:2022-12-09 Revised:2023-02-03 Published-:2023-12-25 Online:2023-12-20

摘要:

为了解缓混肥侧深减氮施用对水稻氮肥利用效率及产量品质的影响,以2个不同熟期类型的水稻为材料,设置空白(N0)处理,常规施肥处理(施氮量240 kg/hm2)为对照(CFM),侧深施肥分别设置氮肥不减量(FM1)、减量7% (FM2)、减量14% (FM3)和减量21% (FM4) 4个处理,研究旨在为大面积机插缓混肥使用提供理论和技术指导。结果表明:不同施肥方式影响不同生育阶段水稻干物质积累,生育中前期(拔节—抽穗期),常规施氮量处理(CFM)干物质积累量显著高于其他处理,孕穗后直至成熟期侧深施肥处理FM1显著高于其他处理;水稻植株氮含量亦因不同生育阶段而已,分蘖—拔节期植株氮含量均表现为CFM>FM1>FM2>FM3>FM4>N0,孕穗—成熟期表现为FM1、FM2>CFM>FM3>FM4>N0;侧深施肥下适度减氮对穗数影响不大,每穗粒数以FM1或FM2最多,侧深施肥处理的结实率高于对照,千粒重和籽粒产量表现为FM1或FM2较高,不同类型品种间存在差异;与对照相比,侧深施肥处理提高水稻吸氮量,氮肥农学利用率表现为FM2>FM1、FM3>CFM>FM4,氮肥生理利用率CFM最低,FM2或FM3最高,氮肥吸收利用效率均表现为FM2>FM1>FM3>CFM>FM4,稻谷生产力表现为FM4>FM3>FM2>FM1>CFM。侧深施肥处理有利于降低垩白粒率、垩白度和消碱值,增加整精米率、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、胶稠度和崩解值,适量减施氮肥可以调优米质。生产上建议采用减氮7%~14%的缓混肥侧深施肥技术有利于实现减氮节本和优质丰产。

关键词: 水稻, 缓混肥, 测深施肥, 氮素吸收利用效率, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the effects of side-deep nitrogen reduction of slow mixed fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency, yield and quality of rice, two different maturity cultivars were treated with blank (N0) treatment and conventional fertilizer treatment (240 kg/hm2, CFM) as control, four treatments of no reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (FM1), 7% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (FM2), 14% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (FM3) and 21% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (FM4) were set for side-deep fertilization. The study aims to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the application of large-area mechanical inserted slow mixing fertilizer. The results showed that different fertilization treatments affected dry matter accumulation at different growth stages of rice, the dry matter accumulation of CFM treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments in the middle and early growth stages (tillering stage to jointing stage), and FM1 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments from booting stage to maturity stage. The nitrogen content of rice plants also varied according to different growth stages. The nitrogen content of rice plants at tillering to jointing stage was in the order of CFM > FM1 > FM2 > FM3 > FM4 > N0, and that at booting to maturity stage was in the order of FM1, FM2 > CFM > FM3 > FM4 > N0. Under deep-side fertilization, moderate-reduced nitrogen had little effect on panicle number, and the grain number per panicle was the most in FM1 or FM2. The seed setting rate of deep-side fertilization was higher than that of the control, the 1000 grain weight and grain yield was higher in FM1 or FM2, and there were differences among different varieties; compared with the control, the deep-side fertilization treatment increased the nitrogen use efficiency. The nitrogen agronomic utilization rate was FM2>FM1 or FM3>CFM>FM4, and the nitrogen physiological utilization rate of CFM was the lowest, FM2 or FM3 was the highest. The nitrogen absorption utilization rate was FM2>FM1>FM3>CFM>FM4, and the nitrogen partial productivity was FM4>FM3>FM2>FM1>CFM. The treatments of side-deep fertilization is beneficial to reduce chalkiness grain rate, chalkiness and alkali elimination value, increase head rice rate, amylose content, protein content, gel consistency and disintegration value, and moderate-reduced nitrogen can improve rice quality. In production, it is suggested to adopt the side-deep fertilization technology of slow mixed fertilizer with nitrogen reduction of 7%-14%, which is beneficial to achieve nitrogen reduction, cost saving and high quality and yield of rice.

Key words: rice, slow release fertilizer, side-deep fertilization, nitrogen uptake and utilization, yield, quality