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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 107-114.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0421

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

防草布应用对大同黄花生长、发育及产量的影响研究

李腊平1(), 李效珍1(), 杨淑华1, 岳新丽2, 孙梦霞1, 杨春仓1   

  1. 1 山西省大同市气象局，山西大同 037010
    2 山西省大同市黄花产业发展研究院，山西大同 037010
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-27 修回日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-03-05 发布日期:2025-03-03
  • 通讯作者:
    李效珍，女，1966年出生，正高级工程师，主要从事农业气象服务研究。通信地址：037010 山西省大同市经开区思贤街79号 大同市气象局，Tel：0352-6129236，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李腊平，女，1973年出生，高级工程师，主要从事农业气象服务、应用气象服务研究。通信地址：037010 山西省大同市经开区思贤街79号 大同市气象局，Tel：0352-6129551，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划项目“气象条件对黄花菜生长发育、产量及品质的影响研究”(201903D221102)

Study on Effect of Weed-control Cloth on Growth, Development and Yield of Datong Daylily

LI Laping1(), LI Xiaozhen1(), YANG Shuhua1, YUE Xinli2, SUN Mengxia1, YANG Chuncang1   

  1. 1 Datong Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, Datong, Shanxi 037010
    2 Datong Daylily Industry Development Research Institute, Datong, Shanxi 037010
  • Received:2024-06-27 Revised:2024-12-03 Published:2025-03-05 Online:2025-03-03

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摘要：

通过使用防草布覆盖技术，对比分析防草布应用对黄花杂草的防治效果，探究覆布后黄花地土壤水分含量、土壤温度变化特征，以及对发育期、生长形态和产量形成的影响，以期为黄花栽培方式提供新思路。设防草布覆盖和裸地2种不同的处理模式，对不同模式下黄花地的土壤含水量特征、土壤温度变化特征、黄花生长期及产量特征等分别进行测定，并进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）对黄花地覆盖防草布，可有效提升整层土壤含水量，平均提高2.6个百分点；强降雨天气时土壤含水量表层接近，但深层提高2%~3%；持续干旱少雨天气时可减少水分蒸发，提高土壤含水量。（2）早春覆布能有效提高土壤温度、降低温差，有利于黄花的返青和出苗；强降温天气时，覆布使5 cm和10 cm土层温度的降温幅度明显变小，起到减缓作用；夏季高温时期覆布可有效降低不同深度土层的温度，5、10、20 cm地温平均降温1.5、0.6、0.3℃。（3）覆布后黄花整个发育期较裸地全部提前，生长量明显高于裸地，产量也大幅提高。（4）覆布可抑制黄花地杂草生长，提升经济效益。研究为大同地区在干旱缺水的气候背景下发展黄花产业提供了一种有效方法，同时对于在黄花生产实践中提高产量、改善品质、节省成本、提升经济效益等方面也做了积极的探索，适宜在黄花规模化生产上推广应用。

关键词: 黄花, 防草布, 土壤含水量, 土壤温度, 发育期, 产量

Abstract:

This study aims to compare and analyze the effect of weed control fabric (weed mat) on the management of daylily production, exploring changes in soil moisture content and temperature, as well as the impact on growth period, growth morphology, and yield formation of daylily after the application of the fabric. The goal is to provide new ideas for daylily cultivation methods and offer scientific guidance and reference for addressing the challenges faced by the daylily industry in Datong City. Two treatment modes were established in the experimental area: weed control fabric coverage and bare soil. The soil moisture content, growth period, and yield characteristics of daylily under each treatment were measured and analyzed. (1) Covering daylily fields with weed control fabric significantly increased soil moisture content across all soil layers, with an average increase of 2.6%. During heavy rainfall, soil moisture content in deeper layers remained relatively stable. In periods of prolonged drought and little rainfall, the fabric helped reduce water evaporation, thus maintaining higher soil moisture content. (2) In early spring, the fabric effectively increased soil temperature and reduced temperature fluctuations, which benefited the sprouting and emergence of daylily. During cold weather, the fabric reduced the cooling rate at the 5 cm and 10 cm soil depths, providing insulation. In summer, the fabric reduced soil temperature at various depths, with average temperature reductions of 1.5℃ at 5 cm, 0.6℃ at 10 cm, and 0.3℃ at 20 cm. (3) The entire developmental period of daylily under the fabric was advanced compared to bare soil, with significantly higher growth rates and yield increases. (4) The fabric suppressed weed growth and reduced costs, thereby enhancing economic efficiency. The findings of this study provide an effective method for developing the daylily industry in Datong City under drought-prone conditions. Additionally, this research offers valuable insights for improving yield, quality, reducing costs, and increasing economic returns in daylily production. The results are suitable for the large-scale cultivation and promotion of daylily.

Key words: daylily, weed-control cloth, soil moisture content, soil temperature, growth period, yield