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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 10-21.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0634

所属专题: 生物技术 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

调整播期对宁夏春小麦产量与品质性状的影响

陶媛1(), 何亚玲2, 张倩1, 孙倩1, 刘永亮1, 李前荣3()   

  1. 1 宁夏永宁县农业技术服务推广中心,宁夏永宁 750100
    2 宁夏大学农学院,银川 750002
    3 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,银川 750002
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-14 修回日期:2024-11-11 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-02-24
  • 通讯作者:
    李前荣,男,1980年出生,宁夏固原人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事小麦育种科研工作。通信地址:750002 宁夏银川市金凤区黄河东路590号宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,Tel:0951-6886710,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    陶媛,女,1982年出生,宁夏中卫人,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向:小麦育种与推广。通信地址:750000 宁夏银川永宁县杨和街186号永宁县农业技术推广服务中心,Tel:0951-8011379,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏农业育种专项“小麦新品种选育”(NXNYYZ201802); 宁夏自然科学基金项目(2024AAC03366)

Effect of Adjusting Sowing Date on Yield and Quality Traits of Spring Wheat in Ningxia

TAO Yuan1(), HE Yaling2, ZHANG Qian1, SUN Qian1, LIU Yongliang1, LI Qianrong3()   

  1. 1 Ningxia Yongning County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Yongning, Ningxia 750100
    2 Agriculture College of Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750002
    3 Institute of Crop Research, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002
  • Received:2024-10-14 Revised:2024-11-11 Published:2025-02-25 Online:2025-02-24

摘要:

为明确调整播期对宁夏春麦产量及品质的影响,以宁夏灌区20份春小麦主栽品种(系)为试验材料,采用双因素裂区试验,以播期为主区,不同小麦品种为副区,比较分析了不同播期下小麦产量及品质方面的差异。结果表明:与正常播期相比,播期延迟20 d后,各参试品种生育期缩短8~14 d,产量、有效穗数与千粒重分别显著减少18.81%、7.22%与3.54%,穗粒数变化不显著;硬度、湿面筋含量、沉降值、稳定时间与最大拉伸阻力分别显著增加9.21%、13.66%、14.13%、55.92%与160.56%,蛋白质含量显著减少19.30%,容重与吸水量没有发生显著变化;通过隶属函数法分析得出迟播条件下产量与品质综合表现较好的品种有‘宁春52号’、‘宁春61号’、‘永良15号’、‘宁春54号’、‘宁春53号’、‘宁春48号’、‘宁春56号’,其中‘宁春52号’与‘宁春61号’综合评价值最高,为0.8。延迟播期对春小麦产量与品质产生了显著影响。

关键词: 宁夏, 播期延迟, 春小麦, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of adjusting sowing date on the yield and quality of spring wheat in Ningxia, 20 main spring wheat varieties (lines) in Ningxia irrigation areas were used as the experimental materials. A two-factor split-plot experiment was conducted with sowing date as the main plot and different wheat varieties as the subplot. The differences in wheat yield and quality under different sowing dates were compared and analyzed. The results showed that compared with the normal sowing date, the growth period of the tested varieties was shortened by 8-14 days after the sowing date was delayed by 20 days. The yield, effective panicle number, and thousand-grain weight were significantly reduced by 18.8%, 7.22%, and 3.54% respectively, while the number of grains per panicle did not change significantly; the hardness, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, stability time, and maximum tensile resistance increased significantly by 9.21%, 3.66%, 14.13%, 55.92%, and 160.56%, respectively, while the content of protein decreased significantly by 19.30%. There were no significant changes in bulk density and water absorption. The analysis using the membership function method revealed that under late sowing conditions, the varieties with better comprehensive performance in terms of yield and quality were 'Ningchun 52', 'Ningchun 61', 'Yongliang 15', 'Ningchun 54', 'Ningchun 53', 'Ningchun 48', and 'Ningchun 56'. Among these, 'Ningchun 52' and 'Ningchun 61' had the highest comprehensive evaluation values, which was 0.8. Delayed sowing date had a significant impact on the yield and quality of spring wheat.

Key words: Ningxia, delaying sowing date, spring wheat, yield, quality