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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 123-130.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0355

• 盐碱地多样化生态化特色化综合利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机无机配施改良剂对滨海盐渍土及冰菜生长的影响

刘洋1,2(), 刘冲1, 徐培智1, 王丹1, 解开治1, 李雅莹1, 张坤1, 孙丽丽1, 黎婉玲1, 谷峻2(), 顾文杰1,3, 卢钰升1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/广东省土壤微生物与耕地保育工程技术研究中心，广州 510640
    2 华南师范大学生命科学学院，广州 510631
    3 岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心，广东茂名 525000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27 修回日期:2025-07-23 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-05
  • 通讯作者:
    卢钰升，男，1986年出生，广东潮州人，研究员，硕士，主要从事植物营养与土壤改良研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路66号，Tel：020-38615006，E-mail：；
    谷峻，女，1976年出生，辽宁大连人，副教授，博士，主要从事农业微生物研究。通信地址：510631 广东省广州市天河区石牌街中山大道西55号，Tel：020-85211372，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘洋，男，2000年出生，湖北恩施人，硕士研究生，主要从事酸性土壤改良研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路66号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省重点领域研发计划项目“耕地土壤酸化绿色防控技术研究与示范”(2023B0202010027); “十四五”广东省农业科技创新九大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目“菜地土壤退化一体化协同阻控技术研究”(2023SDZG08); 广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目“以农业领域为单元的广东省现代农业产业共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目（绿色循环农业（含绿肥专题）共性关键技术）”(2024CXTD17); 广东省农业科学院低碳农业与碳中和研究中心课题“广东省摆荒地改良技术研究与示范”(XT202508)

Effects of Combined Application of Organic-inorganic Amendments on Coastal Saline Soil and Growth of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

LIU Yang1,2(), LIU Chong1, XU Peizhi1, WANG Dan1, XIE Kaizhi1, LI Yaying1, ZHANG Kun1, SUN Lili1, LI Wanling1, GU Jun2(), GU Wenjie1,3, LU Yusheng1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Soil Microbes and Cultivated Land Conservation, Guangzhou 510640
    2 College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631
    3 Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong 525000
  • Received:2025-04-27 Revised:2025-07-23 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-05

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摘要： 咸酸复合胁迫是南方滨海盐渍土农业生产开发利用的关键障碍因子。探究有机无机配施改良剂对滨海盐渍土理化性质及冰菜(Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.)生长的协同改良效应，以期为滨海盐渍土高效改良与耐咸酸作物栽培提供理论依据。以滨海盐渍土和冰菜为供试对象，设置对照、0.1%土壤调理剂、0.05%钙镁磷肥+0.05%有机肥等3组处理，通过盆栽试验研究不同改良剂对土壤盐渍化、酸化及冰菜生长、抗逆性的影响。结果表明：单一土壤调理剂处理下，土壤pH提升2.68个单位，但土壤电导率、全盐量、钠离子含量、冰菜生物量及抗逆性无显著变化。钙镁磷肥与有机肥配施处理下，土壤pH提升2.15个单位，土壤交换性铝、交换性氢、交换性酸总量以及水解性酸含量分别降低了85.3%、87.9%、86.0%和59.5%，电导率、全盐量和钠离子含量则分别显著降低21.0%、20.9%和31.0%，土壤有效磷含量增加116%；此外，钙镁磷肥与有机肥配施处理下，冰菜地上部鲜重较对照增加174%，叶片丙二醛含量降低37.0%，根系根尖数增加42.8%。冗余分析表明，土壤有效磷含量提升与速效钾、钠离子含量降低是冰菜在滨海盐渍土上生长的关键驱动因子。单一土壤调理剂虽可缓解酸化，但对盐渍化土壤的改良效果有限。钙镁磷肥与有机肥配施通过改善土壤理化性质（提升pH、降低盐分及钠毒害，提高有效磷含量）和优化根系形态，显著增强冰菜抗逆性及产量，其综合改良效果优于单一调理剂，钙镁磷肥与有机肥配施可协同抑制土壤酸化和盐渍化，为滨海盐渍土可持续利用提供了有效技术路径。

关键词: 有机改良剂, 无机改良剂, 冰菜, 盐渍土修复, 滨海盐渍土, 广东省

Abstract:

Saline and acid combined stress represents a major constraint for agricultural production and coastal saline soil utilization in South China. This study investigated the synergistic effects of combined organic and inorganic amendments on the physicochemical properties of coastal saline soils and the growth of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., aiming to provide theoretical insights for the efficient remediation of coastal saline soils and cultivation of salt-tolerant crops. Using coastal saline soil and M. crystallinum, a pot experiment was conducted to compare three treatments: control, 0.1% soil conditioner, and combined 0.05% calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer + 0.05% organic fertilizer. Amendments were evaluated for impacts on soil salinization, acidification, plant growth and stress resistance. The results showed that the 0.1% soil conditioner treatment increased soil pH by 2.68 units but showed no significant effects on soil electrical conductivity, total salt content, Na+ concentration, M. crystallinum biomass or stress resistance. In contrast, the combined application of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased soil pH by 2.15 units, reduced exchangeable Al3+, exchangeable H+, total exchangeable acidity and hydrolytic acidity by 85.3%, 87.9%, 86.0% and 59.5%, respectively, decreased soil electrical conductivity, salt content, and Na+ by 21.0%, 20.9%, and 31.0%, and increased soil available P concentration by 116%. Additionally, it enhanced the shoot fresh weight of M. crystallinum by 174%, reduced leaf malondialdehyde content by 37.0%, and increased root tip number by 42.8% compared to CK. Redundancy analysis identified soil available P, available K, and Na+ as key drivers of M. crystallinum growth in coastal saline soils. While soil conditioner alone alleviated acidification, its efficacy against saline-acid stress was limited. The combination of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer synergistically improved soil physicochemical properties (elevating pH, reducing salinity, mitigating Na+ toxicity, elevating available P) and optimized root morphology, significantly enhancing M. crystallinum stress resistance and yield. This integrated approach outperforms single amendments in suppressing soil acidification and salinization, offering an effective strategy for the sustainable coastal saline soil utilization.

Key words: organic modifiers, inorganic modifiers, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., saline soil restoration, seashore saline soil, Guangdong Province