不同微咸水灌溉和氮肥类型对滨海盐渍土水稻生长和产量的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0545

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 114-122.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0545

• 盐碱地多样化生态化特色化综合利用 • 上一篇下一篇

不同微咸水灌溉和氮肥类型对滨海盐渍土水稻生长和产量的影响

胡奕婷¹^,²(), 董岳²^,³^,⁴(), 宋修超²^,³^,⁴, 郭士伟²^,³^,⁴, 马艳²^,³^,⁴, 侯朋福¹^,², 王泓¹, 汪吉东²^,³()

¹ 安徽科技学院资源与环境学院，安徽凤阳 233100
² 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，南京 210014
³ 农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用（滨海盐碱地）重点实验室，南京 210014
⁴ 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心盐城试验站，江苏盐城 224000

收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-07-18 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-05
通讯作者:
董岳，男，1993年出生，山东淄博人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：中低产田改良与地力提升。通信地址：210014，江苏省南京市玄武区钟灵街50号，江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，E-mail：ydong@jaas.ac.cn；
汪吉东，男，1979年出生，湖北黄石人，研究员，博士，研究方向：土壤质量及作物养分高效管理。通信地址：210014 江苏省南京市玄武区钟灵街50号江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，E-mail：jidongwang@jaas.ac.cn。
作者简介:
胡奕婷，女，2000年出生，江西新余人，硕士研究生，研究方向：盐碱地改良与综合利用。通信地址：210014 江苏省南京市玄武区钟灵街50号江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，E-mail：1298966129@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“土壤水盐季节性变化下滨海盐渍农田土壤氮素转化和淋失特征及其影响机制”(42407405); 江苏省科技计划项目“中度盐碱地水稻-油菜优质丰产关键技术创新与示范”(BE2023354); 江苏省科技计划项目“中度盐碱地水稻-油菜优质丰产关键技术创新与示范”(1019)

Effects of Brackish Water Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Growth and Yield of Rice in Coastal Saline Soil

HU Yiting¹^,²(), DONG Yue²^,³^,⁴(), SONG Xiuchao²^,³^,⁴, GUO Shiwei²^,³^,⁴, MA Yan²^,³^,⁴, HOU Pengfu¹^,², WANG Hong¹, WANG Jidong²^,³()

¹ College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100
² Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
³ Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014
⁴ Experimental Station of Yancheng, National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-alkali Land, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000

Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-07-18 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究不同矿化度微咸水灌溉和氮肥类型对滨海盐渍土水稻生长和产量的影响，旨在为滨海盐渍农田水肥协同管理和生产力提升提供理论依据和技术指导。于2024年在江苏省农业科学院内试验田，开展为期4个月的田间土柱试验，以中度滨海盐渍土（含盐量=2.2 g/kg）为供试土壤，以‘Y两优911’为供试水稻品种，设置灌溉水矿化度（淡水W₁、淡水和微咸水混灌W₂、微咸水W₃）和氮肥类型（尿素N₁、聚氨酯包膜尿素N₂、脲醛尿素N₃）双因素组合，共10个处理，分析各处理下水稻的生长特征（分蘖数、株高、叶面积）和产量及构成因子。结果显示，在同类氮肥条件下，与淡水灌溉(W₁)相比，微咸水灌溉（W₂和W₃）显著促进了水稻分蘖，但降低了株高和叶面积。氮肥类型仅在淡水灌溉条件下对水稻分蘖数有显著影响，其中，W₁N₃处理的水稻分蘖数显著多于W₁N₂和W₁N₁。然而，氮肥类型对水稻株高和叶面积均无显著影响。在水稻产量及构成因素方面，微咸水灌溉对水稻穗数和穗粒数影响不显著，但显著降低了水稻千粒重，进而导致产量下降。与W₁处理相比，W₂和W₃处理的单株产量分别下降了17%~28%和22%~35%。氮肥类型对穗数和千粒重影响不显著，但2种缓控释肥料显著增加了穗粒数和单株产量。与淡水灌溉下的3种施肥处理相比，W₂N₂处理的水稻产量未见显著降低。在滨海盐碱区，适当使用微咸水灌溉可以促进水稻分蘖，但会抑制株高和叶片生长，进而显著降低千粒重，导致减产。聚氨酯包膜尿素可有效缓解微咸水灌溉对水稻产量的负面影响。综合来看，利用淡水、微咸水混灌降低田间微咸水矿化度(<1.50 g/L)结合基肥施用聚氨酯包膜尿素，是滨海盐碱区高效利用微咸水资源、稳定作物产量的有效水肥管理模式。

关键词: 微咸水, 氮肥类型, 滨海盐渍土, 水稻

Abstract:

This study investigates the effects of brackish water irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer types on the growth and yield of rice, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for integrated management of water and fertilizer as well as the improvement of crop yield in coastal saline farmlands. Taking moderately coastal saline soil (salt content=2.2 g/kg) as the test soil, a four-month field column experiment was conducted using ‘Y-Liangyou-911’ rice variety as material. The experiment was designed with two factors: the salinity of irrigation water [freshwater (W₁), mixed irrigation of freshwater and brackish water (W₂), and brackish water (W₃) alone] and nitrogen fertilizer types [urea (N₁), polyurethane-coated urea (N₂), and urea formaldehyde (N₃)]. The tillering number, plant height, leaf area as well as yield and its components of rice were analyzed. The results showed that, under the same nitrogen fertilizer type treatment, compared with fresh water irrigation (W₁), brackish water irrigation (W₂ and W₃) significantly promoted the tillering of rice, but reduced the plant height and leaf area. The nitrogen fertilizer type only significantly affected tillering number under fresh water irrigation. Specifically, the tillering number under W₁N₃ treatment was significantly higher than that under W₁N₂ and W₁N₁ treatments. However, nitrogen fertilizer type had no significant effect on plant height and leaf area. Regarding rice yield and its components, brackish water irrigation had no significant effect on the panicle number and grains per panicle, but significantly reduced the thousand-grain weight, consequently resulting in a decrease in yield. Compared with W₁ treatment, the yield under W₂ and W₃ treatments decreased by 17%-28% and 22%-35%, respectively. The nitrogen fertilizer type had no significant effect on panicle number and thousand-grain weight, but significantly increased grains per panicle and yield. Notably, compared with three treatments under fresh water irrigation, the rice yield under W₂N₂ treatment showed no significant decrease. In coastal saline areas, appropriate brackish water irrigation can promote rice tillering but inhibits plant height and leaf growth, thereby significantly reducing thousand-grain weight and causing yield reduction. Polyurethane-coated urea can effectively mitigate the negative impact of brackish water irrigation on rice yield. Overall, the practice combining the mixed irrigation with freshwater and brackish water (<1.50 g/L) and the application of polyurethane-coated urea as a basal fertilizer is an effective management strategy of water and fertilizer. This approach efficiently facilitates the utilization of brackish water resources and the stabilization of crop yield in coastal saline areas.

Key words: brackish water, nitrogen fertilizer type, coastal saline soil, rice

胡奕婷, 董岳, 宋修超, 郭士伟, 马艳, 侯朋福, 王泓, 汪吉东. 不同微咸水灌溉和氮肥类型对滨海盐渍土水稻生长和产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(21): 114-122.

HU Yiting, DONG Yue, SONG Xiuchao, GUO Shiwei, MA Yan, HOU Pengfu, WANG Hong, WANG Jidong. Effects of Brackish Water Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Growth and Yield of Rice in Coastal Saline Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(21): 114-122.

图/表 7

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处理	穗数/（穗/穴）	穗粒数/粒	千粒重/g	产量/(g/株)
CK	5 ± 0 b	172 ± 15 b	25 ± 1 bc	21 ± 3 e
W₁N₁	12 ± 2 a	209 ± 31 ab	26 ± 3 ab	64 ± 13 ab
W₂N₁	12 ± 2 a	201 ± 29 a	29 ± 3 ab	71 ± 7 a
W₃N₁	11 ± 1 a	230 ± 25 a	25 ± 2 bc	65± 10 ab
W₁N₂	13 ± 1 a	179 ± 14 b	20 ± 1 de	45 ± 2 d
W₂N₂	14 ± 2 a	174 ± 35 b	24 ± 3 cde	59 ± 5 abc
W₃N₂	11 ± 1 a	196 ± 17 a	22 ± 2 cde	47 ± 5 cd
W₁N₃	12 ± 2 a	172 ± 7 b	19 ± 1 e	41 ± 7 d
W₂N₃	13 ± 0 a	179 ± 20 b	21 ± 1 bcd	52 ± 7 bcd
W₃N₃	12 ± 1 a	199 ± 40 a	20 ± 2 de	48 ± 9 cd

处理	穗数/（穗/穴）	穗粒数/粒	千粒重/g	产量/(g/株)
CK	5 ± 0 b	172 ± 15 b	25 ± 1 bc	21 ± 3 e
W₁N₁	12 ± 2 a	209 ± 31 ab	26 ± 3 ab	64 ± 13 ab
W₂N₁	12 ± 2 a	201 ± 29 a	29 ± 3 ab	71 ± 7 a
W₃N₁	11 ± 1 a	230 ± 25 a	25 ± 2 bc	65± 10 ab
W₁N₂	13 ± 1 a	179 ± 14 b	20 ± 1 de	45 ± 2 d
W₂N₂	14 ± 2 a	174 ± 35 b	24 ± 3 cde	59 ± 5 abc
W₃N₂	11 ± 1 a	196 ± 17 a	22 ± 2 cde	47 ± 5 cd
W₁N₃	12 ± 2 a	172 ± 7 b	19 ± 1 e	41 ± 7 d
W₂N₃	13 ± 0 a	179 ± 20 b	21 ± 1 bcd	52 ± 7 bcd
W₃N₃	12 ± 1 a	199 ± 40 a	20 ± 2 de	48 ± 9 cd

不同微咸水灌溉和氮肥类型对滨海盐渍土水稻生长和产量的影响

Effects of Brackish Water Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Growth and Yield of Rice in Coastal Saline Soil

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处理	灌溉水矿化度	氮肥类型（基肥）
CK	淡水，0.15 g/L	/
W₁N₁	淡水，0.15 g/L	尿素
W₂N₁	淡水、微咸水混灌，1.00~1.50 g/L	尿素
W₃N₁	田间微咸水，1.35~2.00 g/L	尿素
W₁N₂	淡水，0.15 g/L	聚氨酯包膜尿素
W₂N₂	淡水、微咸水混灌，1.00~1.50 g/L	聚氨酯包膜尿素
W₃N₂	田间微咸水，1.35~2.00 g/L	聚氨酯包膜尿素
W₁N₃	淡水，0.15 g/L	脲醛
W₂N₃	淡水、微咸水混灌，1.00~1.50 g/L	脲醛
W₃N₃	田间微咸水，1.35~2.00 g/L	脲醛

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