基于收获指数的水稻单株选择效应

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0413

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深入探究水稻收获指数在各分离世代的遗传规律，有利于为基于收获指数的水稻育种提供理论参考。本研究基于收获指数对4个水稻杂交组合的分离后代进行单株选择，比较分析其不同世代群体主要农艺性状的变异系数及其收获指数的选择效应差异。不同水稻材料的孕穗期SPAD值、株高、穗长性状表现较为稳定；杂交水稻后代的剑叶长、千粒重、结实率、收获指数分离幅度较大，而其亲本的这4个性状表现都较为稳定；但是，杂交水稻的亲本及其后代的地上部生物学产量、单株穗数、穗粒数变异幅度都比较大。所有供试杂交水稻组合的F₃、F₃株系、F₄株系的收获指数广义遗传力均高于97%。‘红欣-1S/玉香油占’、‘红欣-1S/FL478’、‘红欣-1S/HD-YX’的F₄株系的收获指数选择效率均高于其F₃、F₃株系，即基于收获指数对这3个水稻杂交组合后代进行单株选择的作用明显；但是，对‘红欣-1S/广红3号’后代进行高收获指数单株选择却不能提高其收获指数选择效率。对于多数的供试水稻材料，从F₂世代开始对其进行高收获指数单株选择是有效的，可以明显提高其收获指数的选择效率。

关键词: 水稻, 常规育种, 收获指数, 农艺性状, 变异系数, 选择效率, 杂交组合, 分离世代

Abstract:

Further understanding the genetic regularity of rice harvest index in different segregating generations is beneficial to provide theoretical references for rice breeding based on the rice harvest index. In this research, isolated descendants from four distinct rice hybrid combinations were selected based on their harvest index. And then the coefficient of variation for main agronomic traits and the selection efficiency regarding the harvest index were subsequently compared and analyzed across different generations. The characteristics such as SPAD value at booting stage, plant height, and panicle length exhibited stability among different rice materials. In contrast, there was considerable variability in sword leaf length, thousand-grain weight, seed setting rate, and harvest index among hybrid rice progeny; however, these four traits remained stable in their parental lines. Notably, aboveground biological yield and panicle number per plant displayed significant variation both in hybrid parents and their offspring. The generalized heritability of the harvest index for F₃, F₃ lines and F₄ lines across all tested hybrid combinations exceeded 97%. Furthermore, selection efficiency for the harvest index in F₄ lines derived from ‘Hongxin-1S/Yuxiangyouzhan’, ‘Hongxin-1S/FL478’, and ‘Hongxin-1S/HD-YX’ surpassed that observed in their respective F₃ and F₃ lines; thus indicating a pronounced effect of single-plant selection based on harvest index within these three hybrids. Conversely, single-plant selection among offspring of ‘Hongxin-1S/Guanghong 3’ with high harvest indices did not enhance selection efficiency. It was effective to select individual plant with elevated harvest index for most of the tested rice materials from F₂ generation, which could significantly improve the selection efficiency of harvest index.

Key words: rice, conventional breeding, harvest index, agronomic traits, coefficient of variation, selection efficiency, hybrid combination, segregated generation

莫俊杰, 郑嘉成, 蔡继葳, 刘嘉威, 冯永成. 基于收获指数的水稻单株选择效应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(7): 1-8.

MO Junjie, ZHENG Jiacheng, CAI Jiwei, LIU Jiawei, FENG Yongcheng. Effect of Individual Rice Plant Selection Based on Harvest Index[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(7): 1-8.

图/表 5

参考文献 31

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性状	红欣-1S		广红3号		F₃		F₃株系		F₄株系
性状	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%
SPAD值	42.26±2.08a	4.92	41.09±2.37a	5.77	35.69±3.43b	9.61	30.17±3.77c	12.50	36.66±3.35b	9.14
株高/cm	82.16±4.12d	5.01	117.72±7.25b	6.16	102.91±12.48c	12.13	133.38±14.06a	10.54	113.97±26.49b	23.24
地上部生物学产量/(g/株)	36.77±12.88b	35.03	35.59±10.80b	30.35	35.91±18.64b	51.91	30.29±12.57b	41.50	62.30±27.72a	44.49
剑叶长/cm	19.75±2.52c	12.76	28.54±3.41a	11.95	22.94±3.80b	16.56	23.59±4.66b	19.75	24.67±5.47b	22.17
单株穗数/(穗/株)	21.60±7.21a	33.38	4.83±1.72d	35.61	8.33±4.23c	50.78	8.17±4.65c	56.92	13.40±4.65b	34.70
穗长/cm	20.71±1.25d	6.04	25.47±3.08a	12.09	22.75±2.49c	10.95	22.22±2.81c	12.65	24.01±2.19b	9.12
穗粒数/(粒/穗)	77.43±20.00d	25.83	198.59±45.85a	23.09	141.05±56.50b	40.06	84.48±25.04d	29.64	110.21±67.24c	61.01
结实率/%	―	―	86.48±6.85a	7.92	50.62±38.47b	76.00	54.39±38.85b	71.43	59.57±34.24b	57.48
千粒重/g	―	―	22.44±2.62ab	11.68	20.02±8.41b	42.01	24.59±7.32a	29.77	19.28±10.84b	56.22
收获指数	―	―	0.50±0.08a	16.00	0.31±0.22b	70.97	0.26±0.19b	73.08	0.29±0.20b	68.97

性状	红欣-1S		广红3号		F₃		F₃株系		F₄株系
性状	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%
SPAD值	42.26±2.08a	4.92	41.09±2.37a	5.77	35.69±3.43b	9.61	30.17±3.77c	12.50	36.66±3.35b	9.14
株高/cm	82.16±4.12d	5.01	117.72±7.25b	6.16	102.91±12.48c	12.13	133.38±14.06a	10.54	113.97±26.49b	23.24
地上部生物学产量/(g/株)	36.77±12.88b	35.03	35.59±10.80b	30.35	35.91±18.64b	51.91	30.29±12.57b	41.50	62.30±27.72a	44.49
剑叶长/cm	19.75±2.52c	12.76	28.54±3.41a	11.95	22.94±3.80b	16.56	23.59±4.66b	19.75	24.67±5.47b	22.17
单株穗数/(穗/株)	21.60±7.21a	33.38	4.83±1.72d	35.61	8.33±4.23c	50.78	8.17±4.65c	56.92	13.40±4.65b	34.70
穗长/cm	20.71±1.25d	6.04	25.47±3.08a	12.09	22.75±2.49c	10.95	22.22±2.81c	12.65	24.01±2.19b	9.12
穗粒数/(粒/穗)	77.43±20.00d	25.83	198.59±45.85a	23.09	141.05±56.50b	40.06	84.48±25.04d	29.64	110.21±67.24c	61.01
结实率/%	―	―	86.48±6.85a	7.92	50.62±38.47b	76.00	54.39±38.85b	71.43	59.57±34.24b	57.48
千粒重/g	―	―	22.44±2.62ab	11.68	20.02±8.41b	42.01	24.59±7.32a	29.77	19.28±10.84b	56.22
收获指数	―	―	0.50±0.08a	16.00	0.31±0.22b	70.97	0.26±0.19b	73.08	0.29±0.20b	68.97

性状	红欣-1S		玉香油占		F₃			F₃株系		F₄株系
性状	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值		CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%
SPAD值	42.26±2.08a	4.92	31.47±3.86d	12.27	40.46±2.36b		5.83	40.24±2.65b	6.59	38.20±3.03c	7.93
株高/cm	82.16±4.12d	5.01	111.65±6.58a	5.89	100.70±12.60c		12.51	106.82±9.54b	8.93	101.96±9.09c	8.92
地上部生物学产量/(g/株)	36.77±12.88b	35.03	48.83±15.77a	32.30	47.75±13.86a		29.03	48.28±14.10a	29.20	42.02±15.43ab	36.72
剑叶长/cm	19.75±2.52c	12.76	24.87±1.50bc	6.03	26.86±3.53a		13.14	25.92±4.42ab	17.05	23.24±3.78c	16.27
单株穗数/(穗/株)	21.60±7.21a	33.38	6.37±1.54d	24.18	13.80±7.54b		54.64	10.00±5.58c	55.80	9.30±3.08c	33.12
穗长/cm	20.71±1.25d	6.04	23.26±1.63b	7.01	24.08±1.83b		7.60	25.15±1.77a	7.04	23.62±1.93b	8.17
穗粒数/(粒/穗)	77.43±20.00d	25.83	206.52±39.58a	19.17	127.93±64.79bc		50.64	143.89±70.64b	49.09	118.15±32.91c	27.85
结实率/%	―	―	83.24±5.14a	6.17	50.66±40.21c		79.37	68.14±36.74b	53.92	68.46±26.38b	38.53
千粒重/g	―	―	22.54±0.90ab	3.99		19.68±8.11b	41.21	21.96±7.86ab	35.79	23.46±6.74a	28.73
收获指数	―	―	0.51±0.04a	7.84		0.32±0.25c	78.13	0.38±0.20bc	52.63	0.41±0.15b	36.59

性状	红欣-1S		玉香油占		F₃			F₃株系		F₄株系
性状	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值		CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%
SPAD值	42.26±2.08a	4.92	31.47±3.86d	12.27	40.46±2.36b		5.83	40.24±2.65b	6.59	38.20±3.03c	7.93
株高/cm	82.16±4.12d	5.01	111.65±6.58a	5.89	100.70±12.60c		12.51	106.82±9.54b	8.93	101.96±9.09c	8.92
地上部生物学产量/(g/株)	36.77±12.88b	35.03	48.83±15.77a	32.30	47.75±13.86a		29.03	48.28±14.10a	29.20	42.02±15.43ab	36.72
剑叶长/cm	19.75±2.52c	12.76	24.87±1.50bc	6.03	26.86±3.53a		13.14	25.92±4.42ab	17.05	23.24±3.78c	16.27
单株穗数/(穗/株)	21.60±7.21a	33.38	6.37±1.54d	24.18	13.80±7.54b		54.64	10.00±5.58c	55.80	9.30±3.08c	33.12
穗长/cm	20.71±1.25d	6.04	23.26±1.63b	7.01	24.08±1.83b		7.60	25.15±1.77a	7.04	23.62±1.93b	8.17
穗粒数/(粒/穗)	77.43±20.00d	25.83	206.52±39.58a	19.17	127.93±64.79bc		50.64	143.89±70.64b	49.09	118.15±32.91c	27.85
结实率/%	―	―	83.24±5.14a	6.17	50.66±40.21c		79.37	68.14±36.74b	53.92	68.46±26.38b	38.53
千粒重/g	―	―	22.54±0.90ab	3.99		19.68±8.11b	41.21	21.96±7.86ab	35.79	23.46±6.74a	28.73
收获指数	―	―	0.51±0.04a	7.84		0.32±0.25c	78.13	0.38±0.20bc	52.63	0.41±0.15b	36.59

性状	红欣-1S		FL478		F₃		F₃株系		F₄株系
性状	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%	均值	CV/%
SPAD值	42.26±2.08a	4.92	42.38±3.33a	7.86	33.04±3.72b	11.26	33.58±4.78b	14.23	41.12±3.16a	7.68
株高/cm	82.16±4.12d	5.01	97.06±8.12a	8.37	97.96±6.69a	6.83	94.31±9.59a	10.17	95.90±11.68a	12.18
地上部生物学产量/(g/株)	36.77±12.88b	35.03	34.78±12.40c	36.65	49.20±14.74a	29.96	34.38±11.43c	33.25	42.80±18.72ab	43.74
剑叶长/cm	19.75±2.52c	12.76	28.54±5.14a	18.01	21.77±2.72b	12.49	23.01±2.75b	11.95	28.61±4.34a	15.17
单株穗数/(穗/株)	21.60±7.21a	33.38	6.73±1.74d	25.85	11.40±5.21b	45.70	8.63±3.20cd	37.08	10.77±5.93bc	55.06
穗长/cm	20.71±1.25d	6.04	23.49±1.60a	6.81	23.41±1.72a	7.35	21.98±3.58b	16.29	22.55±2.47ab	10.95
穗粒数/(粒/穗)	77.43±20.00d	25.83	115.46±32.55a	28.19	126.04±28.80a	22.85	113.60±24.77a	21.80	113.66±34.93a	30.73
结实率/%	―	―	82.05±7.56a	9.21	60.24±37.74c	62.65	64.62±29.45bc	45.57	73.60±28.65ab	38.93
千粒重/g	―	―	27.63±2.37a	8.58	18.58±8.90c	47.90	22.41±7.94b	35.43	24.03±5.82b	24.22
收获指数	―	―	0.51±0.07a	13.73	0.34±0.21c	61.76	0.42±0.18bc	42.86	0.45±0.17ab	37.78