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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 84-93.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0385

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻根际土壤微生物细菌群落组成及多样性分析

王晨龙1(), 闵杰1, 梁睿1, 谭熊宇2, 王烁2, 吾木提·艾山江2,3()   

  1. 1 伊犁师范大学生物科学与技术学院，新疆伊犁 835000
    2 伊犁师范大学资源与环境学院，新疆伊犁 835000
    3 伊犁师范大学资源与生态研究所，新疆伊犁 835000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-08 修回日期:2024-09-23 出版日期:2025-01-23 发布日期:2025-01-23
  • 通讯作者:
    吾木提·艾山江，男，1992年出生，新疆伊宁人，讲师，硕士，研究方向：农业遥感。通信地址：835000 新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州伊宁市解放西路448号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王晨龙，男，2002年出生，河南平顶山人，在读学士，研究方向：土壤微生物。通信地址：835000 新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州伊宁市解放西路448号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    伊犁师范大学科研项目“伊犁河谷稻田土壤微生物群落地理分布及其驱动因子研究”(2022YSYY003); 伊犁哈萨克自治州科技计划项目“基于多作物生长模型和多源遥感数据同化的玉米产量预报方法研究”(YJC2024A05); 伊犁师范大学资源与生态研究所开放课题重点项目“基于多源遥感与机器学习的伊型河谷水稻分类制图与关键参数反演”(YLNURE202206)

Composition and Diversity of Microbial Bacterial Communities in Paddy Rice Rhizosphere Soil

WANG Chenlong1(), MIN Jie1, LIANG Rui1, TAN Xiongyu2, WANG Shuo2, Umut Hasan2,3()   

  1. 1 College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yili, Xinjiang 835000
    2 College of Resources and Environment, Yili Normal University, Yili, Xinjiang 835000
    3 Institute of Resources and Ecology, Yili Normal University, Yili, Xinjiang 835000
  • Received:2024-06-08 Revised:2024-09-23 Published:2025-01-23 Online:2025-01-23

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摘要：

根际中的微生物组成和功能是微生物生态学的研究重点，对水稻根系土壤微生物群落的多样性及环境因子对土壤微生物的影响进行分析，可为水稻的种植区域土壤可持续性发展及土地资源保护提供参考价值。本研究利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对水稻根际土壤微生物细菌组成进行测定，分析不同地区采样的微生物群落的组成及多样性，探究土壤微生物多样性与土壤理化性质的关系。测序结果显示，从4个区域采集的水稻根际土壤样品中共获取了33862个OTUs，分别属于38门88纲214目514科2268属。在门水平上，4个区域所采集的水稻根际土壤细菌的优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等。在属水平，Limisphaera为水稻根际土壤细菌的优势类群。Alpha多样性指数显示，4个区域采集的水稻根际土壤细菌的物种多样性和丰富程度总体呈现为兵团六十八团(D)>伊犁州奶牛场(A)>察布查尔镇(B)>孙扎奇牛录乡(C)；Beta多样性指数表明，4个区域采集的水稻根际土壤在细菌群落的组成上均存在差异，其中A组与其他各组之间存在的差异较大。由土壤细菌与环境因子的相关性分析可知，水稻根际土壤微生物细菌群落组成的主要影响因子可能是氮、全钾、有机碳。本研究明确了伊犁河谷地区分布的水稻根际土壤条件及根际土壤细菌群落特征，可为伊犁河谷土壤生态系统的研究提供理论支撑。

关键词: 水稻, 根际土壤细菌, 多样性指数, 高通量测序, 16S rRNA高通量测序, 环境因子

Abstract:

The microbial composition and function in the rhizosphere is the research focus of microbial ecology. Analysis of the diversity of soil microbial communities in the root system of paddy rice and the effects of environmental factors on soil microorganisms can provide reference value for the sustainability of soils in the growing areas of paddy rice and the conservation of land resources. In this study, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to determine the bacterial composition of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of paddy rice, and analyze the composition and diversity of microbial communities sampled from different regions, and explore the relationship between soil microbial diversity and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that a total of 33862 OTUs, belonging to 38 phylums, 88 orders, 214 orders, 514 families and 2268 genera, were obtained from the paddy rice rhizosphere soil samples collected from the four regions by sequencing. At the phylum level, the dominant phyla of paddy rice rhizosphere soil bacteria collected from the four regions were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. At the genus level, Limisphaera was the dominant taxon of paddy rice rhizosphere soil bacteria. As shown by the Alpha diversity index, the species diversity and richness of paddy rice inter-root soil bacteria collected from the four regions were generally as followed: 68th Regiment of the Corps (D)> Dairy Farm of Yili Prefecture (A)> Chabchal Town (B)> Sundzach Niuzhu Township (C); the Beta diversity index indicated that the paddy rice rhizosphere soil collected from the four regions differed accordingly in their bacterial community compositions, with greater differences existed between group A and other groups. The correlation analysis between soil bacteria and environmental factors concluded that the main influencing factors on the composition of microbial bacterial communities in paddy rice rhizosphere soils might be nitrogen, total potassium, and organic carbon. This study clarified the rhizosphere soil conditions and rhizosphere soil bacterial community characteristics of paddy rice distributed in the Ili River Valley, and provided theoretical support for the study of soil ecosystems in the Ili River Valley.

Key words: paddy rice, rhizosphere soil bacteria, diversity indices, high-throughput sequencing, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, environmental factors