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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (35): 1-5.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0787

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

不同追肥时期对水稻生长特性和产量的影响

高国良1(), 高发瑞1, 张巧玲1, 王秋云1, 冯雯杰1, 马梦晴2, 黄信诚1()   

  1. 1 济宁市农业科学研究院，山东济宁 272031
    2 济宁市农业技术推广中心，山东济宁 272100
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-08 修回日期:2024-04-01 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-12
  • 通讯作者:
    黄信诚，男，1969年出生，山东济宁人，研究员，本科，研究方向：水稻栽培育种。通信地址：272021 济宁市济岱路9号，Tel：0537-2033758，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    高国良，男，1979年出生，山东济宁人，高级农艺师，硕士研究生，研究方向：水稻栽培育种。通信地址：272021 济宁市济岱路9号， E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山东省现代农业产业技术体系水稻产业济宁试验站建设专项经费(SDAIT-17-11)

Effects of Different Topdressing Stages on Production Characteristics and Yield of Rice

GAO Guoliang1(), GAO Farui1, ZHANG Qiaoling1, WANG Qiuyun1, FENG Wenjie1, MA Mengqing2, HUANG Xincheng1()   

  1. 1 Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining, Shandong 272031
    2 Jining Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jining, Shandong 272100
  • Received:2023-11-08 Revised:2024-04-01 Published:2024-12-15 Online:2024-12-12

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摘要：

缓释肥作底肥的基础上，研究不同追肥时期对水稻生长特性和产量的影响，以期为南四湖流域水稻生产提供科学的施肥措施和决策依据。以水稻品种‘济儒稻1号’为试验材料，设置5个不同时期氮肥追肥处理开展不同追肥时期试验。以上处理氮肥全生育期用量均为264 kg/hm2，氮肥追肥量均为69 kg/hm2，磷肥和钾肥均一次基施。测定不同生育期的茎蘖动态、叶片SPAD值、叶面积和干物质、产量及产量结构数据。结果表明：随着追肥时期后移，水稻产量呈现先增加后减少的趋势，具体表现为T4>T5>T3>T1>T2。茎蘖量在抽穗前，特别是在孕穗期T1、T2、T3高于T4、T5，抽穗后T1、T2、T3群体下降迅速，而T4、T5下降平稳；最终茎蘖成穗量T4最高，T5次之。叶面积指数在抽穗期时T1、T2、T3比T4、T5要高，但在成熟期叶面积指数顺序是T5>T4>T3>T2>T1。干物质积累量在拔节期和抽穗期处理间差异不明显，到孕穗期T1、T3较高，T2、T5次之，T4最低，成熟期T4、T5处理明显高于T1、T2处理，和T3处理差距不大。SPAD值在拔节期和灌浆期处理间差距较小，在成熟期差距较大，表现为T4、T5处理的SPAD值在成熟期下降慢。在缓释肥作底肥并侧深施用的前提下，追施穗肥效果好于追施蘖肥；追蘖肥时间晚一点效果好，追穗肥时间早一点效果好。

关键词: 水稻, 追肥, 生长特性, 产量, 干物质积累量

Abstract:

Using the slow-release fertilizer as base fertilizer, the influence of different topdressing periods on rice growth characteristics and yield was studied to provide scientific fertilization measures and decision-making basis for rice production in Nansi Lake basin. The rice variety ‘Jirudao 1’ was used as the test material and five different topdressing periods were set up to carry out the tests. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth stage was 264 kg/hm2, the topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer was 69 kg/hm2, and the phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were applied at one time. The stem tiller dynamics, leaf SPAD value, leaf area and dry matter, yield and yield structure data were determined at different growth stages. The results showed that with the topdressing period, rice yield tended to increase first and then decrease and the yield order was T4>T5>T3>T1>T2. Before heading, especially during the booting stage, the tillers of T1, T2 and T3 were higher than that of T4 and T5. After heading tillers decreased rapidly in T1, T2 and T3, but kept steadily in T4 and T5. Finally T4 had the highest number of tillers, followed by T5. At heading stage, T1, T2, and T3 had higher leaf area index than that of T4 and T5, but at mature stage the order of leaf area index was T5>T4>T3>T2>T1. At the booting stage T1 and T3 were higher, followed by T2 and T5, and T4 was the lowest. At the mature period T4 and T5 were significantly higher than that of T1 and T2, and not much different from T3. Between treatments, the SPAD values varied less in the jointing and filling and more in maturity. At maturity stage, the value of SPAD in T4 and T5 decreased slowly. Under the premise of slow-release fertilizer as base fertilizer with side deep application, the effect of applying ear fertilizer was better than that of applying tiller fertilizer. The effect was better to pursue tiller fertilizer later, but better to pursue ear fertilizer earlier.

Key words: rice, topdressing, growth characteristic, yield, dry matter accumulation