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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (35): 6-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0081

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米抗倒相关性状的杂种优势分析及基于主成分分析的抗倒性评价研究

魏锋1(), 卫晓轶1(), 孙佩1, 刘俊恒2(), 史大坤1, 李方杰1, 王瑞平3, 刘红钰4, 宋宾宾2   

  1. 1 新乡市农业科学院,河南新乡 453002
    2 鹤壁禾博士晟农科技有限公司,河南鹤壁 458000
    3 淇县动物防疫检疫中心,河南淇县 456750
    4 安阳师范学院,河南安阳 455000
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-05 修回日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-12
  • 通讯作者:
    卫晓轶,女,1984年出生,河南宜阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事玉米遗传育种方面的研究。通信地址:453002 河南省新乡市新二街518号 新乡市农业科学院,Tel:0373-3697099,E-mail:
    刘俊恒,男,1978年出生,河南汝南人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事玉米遗传育种研究。通信地址:458000 河南省鹤壁市淇滨区大学路1号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    魏锋,男,1984年出生,河南原阳人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事玉米遗传育种方面的研究。通信地址:453002 河南省新乡市新二街518号 新乡市农业科学院,Tel:0373-3697099,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    河南省重大科技专项“主要农作物关键性状基因挖掘与突破性品种选育”(221100110300); 河南省科技攻关项目“利用miRNA-mRNA关联分析技术对优异玉米种质资源的抗旱性评价和创制”(242102110283)

Heterosis Analysis of Lodging Resistance Related Traits and Lodging Resistance Evaluation Based on Principal Component Analysis in Maize

WEI Feng1(), WEI Xiaoyi1(), SUN Pei1, LIU Junheng2(), SHI Dakun1, LI Fangjie1, WANG Ruiping3, LIU Hongyu4, SONG Binbin2   

  1. 1 Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002
    2 Hebi Dr.He Shengnong Technology Co., Ltd., Hebi, Henan 458000
    3 Qi County Animal Epidemic Prevention and Quarantine Center, Qi County, Henan 456750
    4 Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000
  • Received:2024-02-05 Revised:2024-05-15 Published:2024-12-15 Online:2024-12-12

摘要:

为了对玉米种质的抗倒性进行评价,进而选育出抗倒性强的玉米杂交种。本研究以生产上正在推广的4个玉米杂交种为试验材料,通过测定植株的抗倒相关性状,计算F1的中亲优势和超亲优势,结果表明,不同品种间的压碎强度、推倒强度和茎秆强度均存在显著或极显著差异,‘硕育172’具有较高的压碎强度和茎秆强度,‘硕育173’具有较高的推倒强度。不同抗倒相关性状相比,品种第5节间长度、第3、4、5节间粗度、株高、穗位高、雄穗分枝数的中亲优势和超亲优势相对较高,说明这些性状的杂种优势相对较大。不同材料间相比,‘硕育172’的双亲‘郑58’和‘H7235’、‘硕育173’的双亲‘Z33-1’和‘H7875S’之间的压碎强度、茎秆强度、雄穗分枝数、雄穗主轴长度、果穗夹角均具有较强的杂种优势。‘宝景186’的双亲‘Z33-1’和‘H7875A’、‘郑单958’的双亲‘郑58’和‘昌7-2’之间的第3、4、5节间粗度、株高、穗位高、穗位叶叶长、穗位叶叶宽具有较强的杂种优势。利用主成分分析评价杂交种的抗倒性,结果显示,‘硕育172’的抗倒性最强(Y值:1.401),其次为‘硕育173’。本研究表明,‘硕育172’和‘硕育173’均具有较强的抗倒性。

关键词: 玉米, 杂交种, 抗倒性, 杂种优势, 主成分分析, 中亲优势, 超亲优势

Abstract:

The aim was to evaluate lodging resistance of germplasm in maize, and then breed maize hybrids with strong lodging resistance. In this study, four maize hybrids which were currently promoted in production were used as materials. Through measuring the lodging resistance related traits, mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of related traits were calculated. The results showed that there were significant or extremely significant differences in crushing strength, pushing strength and stem strength among different varieties, 'Shuoyu 172' had higher crushing strength and stem strength, and 'Shuoyu 173' had higher pushing strength. Compared with different lodging resistant related traits, mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of 5th internode length, stem diameter, plant height, ear height, and tassel branch number of 3rd, 4th and 5th internode were relatively higher, indicating that the heterosis of these traits was relatively strong. Compared with the different materials, the parents of 'Shuoyu 172', 'Zheng 58' and 'H7235', and the parents of 'Shuoyu 173', 'Z33-1' and 'H7875S', had strong heterosis in crushing strength, stalk strength, tassel branch number, tassel main axis length and angle of ear. The stem diameter plant height, ear height, ear leaf length and width of 3rd, 4th and 5th internode between the parents of 'Baojing 186', 'Z33-1' and 'H7875A', and the parents of 'Zhengdan 958', 'Zheng 58' and 'Chang 7-2' had strong heterosis. Principal component analysis were used to evaluated lodging resistance of different varieties, the results showed that the lodging resistance of 'Shuoyu 172' was the strongest (Y: 1.401), followed by 'Shuoyu 173'. This study indicated that both of 'Shuoyu 172' and 'Shuoyu 173' had strong lodging resistance.

Key words: maize, hybrid, lodging resistance, heterosis, principal component analysis, mid-parent heterosis, over-parent heterosis