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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 36-41.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0262

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米杂交种花丝活力及其结实性动态研究

赵树政1(), 杨美丽1, 鹿红卫1, 苏玉杰1, 程建梅1(), 王帮太1,2, 秦贵文1   

  1. 1 鹤壁市农业科学院,河南鹤壁 458031
    2 河南省玉米良种培育工程技术研究中心,河南鹤壁 458031
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-07 修回日期:2023-07-15 出版日期:2024-02-22 发布日期:2024-02-22
  • 通讯作者:
    程建梅,女,1977年出生,河南浚县人,本科,助理研究员,主要从事优质宜机收玉米品种的选育。通信地址:458030 河南省鹤壁市淇滨区漓江东路,鹤壁市农业科学院,Tel:13903925513,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    赵树政,男,1972年出生,河南浚县人,本科,助理研究员,主要从事玉米遗传育种的研究。通信地址:458030 河南省鹤壁市淇滨区漓江东路,鹤壁市农业科学院,Tel:13939294466,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    河南省重大科技专项“机收玉米新品种选育及配套生产技术研究”(201300111100); 河南省科技攻关项目“玉米广谱抗南方锈病基因Rpp M的遗传解析及抗性种质创制”(232102110216)

Study on the Dynamics of Filament Vigor and Seed Setting of Maize Hybrids

ZHAO Shuzheng1(), YANG Meili1, LU Hongwei1, SU Yujie1, CHENG Jianmei1(), WANG Bangtai1,2, QIN Guiwen1   

  1. 1 Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hebi, Henan 458031
    2 Henan Provincial Maize Breeding Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hebi, Henan 458031
  • Received:2023-04-07 Revised:2023-07-15 Published-:2024-02-22 Online:2024-02-22

摘要:

为了明确玉米杂交种花丝活力及不同日龄花丝结实率的动态变化规律,更好的为玉米育种和玉米生产提供理论依据。本研究选用玉米杂交种‘永优1573’、‘永优1583’和‘郑单958’为试验材料,测定其花丝日吐丝数量和吐丝长度、不同日龄花丝结实率和授粉果穗穗部性状等相关指标。结果显示玉米杂交种日吐丝数量呈快增-慢增的变化趋势,日吐丝长度峰值在吐丝第2天。随着吐丝日数增加,授粉后果穗的穗长、穗粗、穗粒重和结实率基本呈先增后降的动态变化,其中穗粗峰值出现在吐丝第4~5天,穗长、穗粒重和结实率峰值均出现在吐丝的第6~7天,品种间有差异;吐丝第1~4天授粉百粒重均高于对照,有秃尖且逐日减小。研究结果所反映的花丝活力及其授粉结实率的变化规律无论在玉米高效育种还是在大田生产中都具有一定的参考性,从而实现高产的育种目标。

关键词: 玉米, 杂交种, 花丝活力, 结实性, 动态研究

Abstract:

The aim was to clarify the dynamic changes of filaments vigor and the setting rate at different day-ages of maize hybrids, and provide a better theoretical basis for maize breeding and production. This study selected maize hybrids ‘Yongyou 1573’ ‘Yongyou 1583’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ as experimental materials to measure their daily silk production quantity and length, different day-age silk setting rates, and pollination ear traits. The results showed that the daily silking quantity of corn hybrids showed a trend of rapid to slow increase, and the peak of daily silking length was on the second day of silking. As the number of days of silking increases, the dynamic changes of panicle length, panicle diameter, panicle grain weight, and seed setting rate after pollination were basically increasing first and then decreasing. The peak of panicle diameter appeared on the 4th to 5th day of silking, while the peak of panicle length, panicle grain weight, and seed setting rate all appeared on the 6th to 7th day of silking, with differences among varieties; On the 1st to 4th day of silking, the weight of 100 grains pollinated was higher than that of the control, with bald tips and decreasing day by day. The changes in filament vitality and pollination seed setting rate reflected by the research results have certain reference value in both efficient maize breeding and field production, thus achieving the breeding goal of high yield.

Key words: corn, hybrids, silk vitality, soundness, dynamic study