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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 9-15.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0230

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

低温和土壤偏干对玉米发芽的影响试验研究

李建平1,2,3(), 任景全1,3, 马艳敏1,2,3, 王冬妮1,3, 曹铁华4, 杨会兵5, 陈长胜2,6()   

  1. 1 吉林省气象科学研究所，长春 130062
    2 长白山气象与气候变化吉林省重点实验室，长春 130062
    3 吉林省农业气象灾害风险评估与防控科技创新中心，长春 130062
    4 吉林省农业科学院，长春 130033
    5 中国人民解放军95871部队气象台，湖南衡阳 421002
    6 吉林省气象台，长春 130062
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-15 修回日期:2023-06-23 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2024-02-01
  • 通讯作者:
    陈长胜，男，1976年出生，吉林磐石人，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事气象预报与服务技术方面的研究。通信地址：130062 吉林省长春市西安大路6366号 吉林省气象台，Tel：0431-87958081，E-mail：。。
  • 作者简介:

    李建平，男，1977年出生，青海西宁人，正高级工程师，硕士，主要从事生态气象与卫星遥感研究工作。通信地址：130062 吉林省长春市西安大路6236号 吉林省气象科学研究所，Tel：0431-87953369，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    吉林省重点科技攻关项目“基于试验的春玉米生育关键期低温冷害农业气象指标研究”(20150204014NY); 国家自然科学基金“双碳目标下中国区域干旱约束预估研究：从CMIP5到CMIP6”(42275185)

Effects of Low Temperature and Low Soil Moisture on Maize Germination

LI Jianping1,2,3(), REN Jingquan1,3, MA Yanmin1,2,3, WANG Dongni1,3, CAO Tiehua4, YANG Huibing5, CHEN Changsheng2,6()   

  1. 1 Jilin Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Changchun 130062
    2 Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Changbai Mountain Meteorology and Climate Change, Changchun 130062
    3 Jilin Province Science and Technology Innovation Center of Agro-meteorological Disaster Risk Assessment and Prevention, Changchun 130062
    4 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033
    5 Weather Station of the 95871 Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hengyang, Hunan 421002
    6 Meterological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062
  • Received:2023-03-15 Revised:2023-06-23 Published-:2024-02-01 Online:2024-02-01

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摘要：

以玉米品种‘郑单958’、‘吉单50’、‘利民33’和‘先玉335’为试验材料，研究低温过程和土壤偏干对玉米发芽的影响。利用人工气候室结合土壤相对湿度调控，对4种品种试验样本发芽过程进行低温和土壤水分不足胁迫试验。结果表明：与温度适宜条件相比，当平均气温低于10℃且超过5 d，土壤偏干相对湿度在50%~60%时，4个品种发芽天数延长3~9 d。试验数据表明低温对玉米开始发芽及达到100%发芽率的不利影响强于土壤轻度偏干；低温过程和土壤偏干并发对玉米发芽的影响比低温或缺墒单一灾害更为严重。低温和土壤偏干对不同玉米品种影响有一定差异，在抗低温性状上，‘先玉335’>‘郑单958’>‘利民33’>‘吉单50’；在抗旱性状上，‘先玉335’>‘郑单958’、‘利民33’>‘吉单50’；在抗低温和干旱耦合影响的性状上，‘郑单958’>‘先玉335’>‘利民33’>‘吉单50’。

关键词: 低温, 土壤偏干, 玉米, 发芽, 品种

Abstract:

Maize varieties ‘Zhengdan 958’, ‘Jidan 50’, ‘Limin 33’, and ‘Xianyu 335’ were used as experimental materials to study the effects of low-temperature processes and low soil moisture on maize germination. Tests of low temperature and low soil moisture stresses on germination of 4 maize varieties were carried out in the phytotron combined with the regulation of soil relative humidity. The results showed that compared with the suitable temperature condition, the period from sowing to germination of the four varieties were prolonged by 3-9 days when the average temperature was below 10°C for more than 5 days and the relative humidity of the dry soil was between 50%-60%. The experimental data showed that the adverse effect of low temperature on germination and reaching 100% germination rate of maize was stronger than that of low soil moisture. The combined effect of low-temperature processes and low soil moisture on maize germination was more serious than the single effect of low temperature and low soil moisture. The effects of low temperature and low soil moisture on different maize varieties were different. The low temperature resistance was in the order of ‘Xianyu 335’>‘Zhengdan 958’>‘Limin 33’>‘Jidan 50’ while the drought resistance was in the order of ‘Xianyu 335’>‘Zhengdan 958’ and ‘Limin 33’>‘Jidan 50’. The low-temperature and drought resistance was in the order of ‘Zhengdan 958’>‘Xianyu 335’>‘Limin 33’>‘Jidan 50’.

Key words: low temperature, low soil moisture, maize, germination, variety